East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians

East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians

Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in males in Western countries. The reported incidence in Asia is much lower than that in African Americans and European Caucasians. Although the lack of systematic prostate cancer screening system in Asian countries explains part of the difference, this a...

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Main Author: Kimura, Tomomi
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center 2012
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777503/
id pubmed-3777503
recordtype oai_dc
spelling pubmed-37775032013-12-11 East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians Kimura, Tomomi Review Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in males in Western countries. The reported incidence in Asia is much lower than that in African Americans and European Caucasians. Although the lack of systematic prostate cancer screening system in Asian countries explains part of the difference, this alone cannot fully explain the lower incidence in Asian immigrants in the United States and west-European countries compared to the black and non-Hispanic white in those countries, nor the somewhat better prognosis in Asian immigrants with prostate cancer in the United States. Soy food consumption, more popular in Asian populations, is associated with a 25% to 30% reduced risk of prostate cancer. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the only established and routinely implemented clinical biomarker for prostate cancer detection and disease status. Other biomarkers, such as urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 RNA, may increase accuracy of prostate cancer screening compared to PSA alone. Several susceptible loci have been identified in genetic linkage analyses in populations of countries in the West, and approximately 30 genetic polymorphisms have been reported to modestly increase the prostate cancer risk in genome-wide association studies. Most of the identified polymorphisms are reproducible regardless of ethnicity. Somatic mutations in the genomes of prostate tumors have been repeatedly reported to include deletion and gain of the 8p and 8q chromosomal regions, respectively; epigenetic gene silencing of glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1); as well as mutations in androgen receptor gene. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, aggressiveness, and prognosis of prostate cancer remain largely unknown. Gene-gene and/or gene-environment interactions still need to be learned. In this review, the differences in PSA screening practice, reported incidence and prognosis of prostate cancer, and genetic factors between the populations in East and West factors are discussed. Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center 2012-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3777503/ /pubmed/22085526 http://dx.doi.org/10.5732/cjc.011.10324 Text en Chinese Journal of Cancer http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which allows readers to alter, transform, or build upon the article and then distribute the resulting work under the same or similar license to this one. The work must be attributed back to the original author and commercial use is not permitted without specific permission.
repository_type Open Access Journal
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building NCBI PubMed
collection Online Access
language English
format Online
author Kimura, Tomomi
spellingShingle Kimura, Tomomi
East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians
author_facet Kimura, Tomomi
author_sort Kimura, Tomomi
title East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians
title_short East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians
title_full East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians
title_fullStr East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians
title_full_unstemmed East meets West: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between East Asians and Caucasians
title_sort east meets west: ethnic differences in prostate cancer epidemiology between east asians and caucasians
description Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer in males in Western countries. The reported incidence in Asia is much lower than that in African Americans and European Caucasians. Although the lack of systematic prostate cancer screening system in Asian countries explains part of the difference, this alone cannot fully explain the lower incidence in Asian immigrants in the United States and west-European countries compared to the black and non-Hispanic white in those countries, nor the somewhat better prognosis in Asian immigrants with prostate cancer in the United States. Soy food consumption, more popular in Asian populations, is associated with a 25% to 30% reduced risk of prostate cancer. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the only established and routinely implemented clinical biomarker for prostate cancer detection and disease status. Other biomarkers, such as urinary prostate cancer antigen 3 RNA, may increase accuracy of prostate cancer screening compared to PSA alone. Several susceptible loci have been identified in genetic linkage analyses in populations of countries in the West, and approximately 30 genetic polymorphisms have been reported to modestly increase the prostate cancer risk in genome-wide association studies. Most of the identified polymorphisms are reproducible regardless of ethnicity. Somatic mutations in the genomes of prostate tumors have been repeatedly reported to include deletion and gain of the 8p and 8q chromosomal regions, respectively; epigenetic gene silencing of glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1); as well as mutations in androgen receptor gene. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis, aggressiveness, and prognosis of prostate cancer remain largely unknown. Gene-gene and/or gene-environment interactions still need to be learned. In this review, the differences in PSA screening practice, reported incidence and prognosis of prostate cancer, and genetic factors between the populations in East and West factors are discussed.
publisher Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center
publishDate 2012
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777503/
_version_ 1612012795733213184

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