Markers of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Focus on Oxidized-LDL and HDL Subpopulations

Objective. To evaluate the effect of gender and menopause in cardiovascular risk (CVR) in a healthy population based on both classical and nontraditional markers. Methods. 56 men and 68 women (48 pre- and 20 postmenopause) were enrolled in the study. The following markers were analyzed: blood press...

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Main Authors:	Mascarenhas-Melo, Filipa, Sereno, José, Teixeira-Lemos, Edite, Ribeiro, Sandra, Rocha-Pereira, Petronila, Cotterill, Ethan, Teixeira, Frederico, Reis, Flávio
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3774979/

id	pubmed-3774979
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-37749792013-10-01 Markers of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Focus on Oxidized-LDL and HDL Subpopulations Mascarenhas-Melo, Filipa Sereno, José Teixeira-Lemos, Edite Ribeiro, Sandra Rocha-Pereira, Petronila Cotterill, Ethan Teixeira, Frederico Reis, Flávio Research Article Objective. To evaluate the effect of gender and menopause in cardiovascular risk (CVR) in a healthy population based on both classical and nontraditional markers. Methods. 56 men and 68 women (48 pre- and 20 postmenopause) were enrolled in the study. The following markers were analyzed: blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glucose, total cholesterol (total-c), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), oxidized-LDL (Ox-LDL), HDL-c and subpopulations, paraoxonase-1 activity, hsCRP, uric acid, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and intercellular adhesion molecular 1 (ICAM1). Results. Relative to the women, men present significantly increased BMI, WC, BP, glucose, total-c, TGs, LDL-c, Ox-LDL, uric acid, and TNF-α and reduced adiponectin and total and large HDL-c. The protective profile of women is lost after menopause with a significantly increased BMI, WC, BP, glucose, LDL-c, Ox-LDL, hsCRP, and VEGF and decreased total and large HDL-c. Significant correlations were found in women population and in postmenopausal women between Ox-LDL and total, large, and small HDL-c and between TNF-α and total, large, and small HDL-c, LDL-c, and Ox-LDL. Conclusions. Men present higher CVR than women who lost protection after menopause, evidenced by nontraditional markers, including Ox-LDL and HDL subpopulations. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-07-28 /pmc/articles/PMC3774979/ /pubmed/24167352 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/724706 Text en Copyright © 2013 Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Mascarenhas-Melo, Filipa Sereno, José Teixeira-Lemos, Edite Ribeiro, Sandra Rocha-Pereira, Petronila Cotterill, Ethan Teixeira, Frederico Reis, Flávio
spellingShingle	Mascarenhas-Melo, Filipa Sereno, José Teixeira-Lemos, Edite Ribeiro, Sandra Rocha-Pereira, Petronila Cotterill, Ethan Teixeira, Frederico Reis, Flávio Markers of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Focus on Oxidized-LDL and HDL Subpopulations
author_facet	Mascarenhas-Melo, Filipa Sereno, José Teixeira-Lemos, Edite Ribeiro, Sandra Rocha-Pereira, Petronila Cotterill, Ethan Teixeira, Frederico Reis, Flávio
author_sort	Mascarenhas-Melo, Filipa
title	Markers of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Focus on Oxidized-LDL and HDL Subpopulations
title_short	Markers of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Focus on Oxidized-LDL and HDL Subpopulations
title_full	Markers of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Focus on Oxidized-LDL and HDL Subpopulations
title_fullStr	Markers of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Focus on Oxidized-LDL and HDL Subpopulations
title_full_unstemmed	Markers of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Focus on Oxidized-LDL and HDL Subpopulations
title_sort	markers of increased cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women: focus on oxidized-ldl and hdl subpopulations
description	Objective. To evaluate the effect of gender and menopause in cardiovascular risk (CVR) in a healthy population based on both classical and nontraditional markers. Methods. 56 men and 68 women (48 pre- and 20 postmenopause) were enrolled in the study. The following markers were analyzed: blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glucose, total cholesterol (total-c), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), oxidized-LDL (Ox-LDL), HDL-c and subpopulations, paraoxonase-1 activity, hsCRP, uric acid, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and intercellular adhesion molecular 1 (ICAM1). Results. Relative to the women, men present significantly increased BMI, WC, BP, glucose, total-c, TGs, LDL-c, Ox-LDL, uric acid, and TNF-α and reduced adiponectin and total and large HDL-c. The protective profile of women is lost after menopause with a significantly increased BMI, WC, BP, glucose, LDL-c, Ox-LDL, hsCRP, and VEGF and decreased total and large HDL-c. Significant correlations were found in women population and in postmenopausal women between Ox-LDL and total, large, and small HDL-c and between TNF-α and total, large, and small HDL-c, LDL-c, and Ox-LDL. Conclusions. Men present higher CVR than women who lost protection after menopause, evidenced by nontraditional markers, including Ox-LDL and HDL subpopulations.
publisher	Hindawi Publishing Corporation
publishDate	2013
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3774979/
_version_	1612011992812355584

Markers of Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women: Focus on Oxidized-LDL and HDL Subpopulations

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