Upper Extremity Freezing and Dyscoordination in Parkinson's Disease: Effects of Amplitude and Cadence Manipulations

Purpose. Motor freezing, the inability to produce effective movement, is associated with decreasing amplitude, hastening of movement, and poor coordination. We investigated how manipulations of movement amplitude and cadence affect upper extremity (UE) coordination as measured by the phase coordina...

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Main Authors:	Williams, April J., Peterson, Daniel S., Ionno, Michele, Pickett, Kristen A., Earhart, Gammon M.
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3763266/

id	pubmed-3763266
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-37632662013-09-11 Upper Extremity Freezing and Dyscoordination in Parkinson's Disease: Effects of Amplitude and Cadence Manipulations Williams, April J. Peterson, Daniel S. Ionno, Michele Pickett, Kristen A. Earhart, Gammon M. Clinical Study Purpose. Motor freezing, the inability to produce effective movement, is associated with decreasing amplitude, hastening of movement, and poor coordination. We investigated how manipulations of movement amplitude and cadence affect upper extremity (UE) coordination as measured by the phase coordination index (PCI)—only previously measured in gait—and freezing of the upper extremity (FO-UE) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) who experience freezing of gait (PD + FOG), do not experience FOG (PD-FOG), and healthy controls. Methods. Twenty-seven participants with PD and 18 healthy older adults made alternating bimanual movements between targets under four conditions: Baseline; Fast; Small; SmallFast. Kinematic data were recorded and analyzed for PCI and FO-UE events. PCI and FO-UE were compared across groups and conditions. Correlations between UE PCI, gait PCI, FO-UE, and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q) were determined. Results. PD + FOG had poorer coordination than healthy old during SmallFast. UE coordination correlated with number of FO-UE episodes in two conditions and FOG-Q score in one. No differences existed between PD−/+FOG in coordination or number of FO-UE episodes. Conclusions. Dyscoordination and FO-UE can be elicited by manipulating cadence and amplitude of an alternating bimanual task. It remains unclear whether FO-UE and FOG share common mechanisms. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-08-21 /pmc/articles/PMC3763266/ /pubmed/24027652 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/595378 Text en Copyright © 2013 April J. Williams et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Williams, April J. Peterson, Daniel S. Ionno, Michele Pickett, Kristen A. Earhart, Gammon M.
spellingShingle	Williams, April J. Peterson, Daniel S. Ionno, Michele Pickett, Kristen A. Earhart, Gammon M. Upper Extremity Freezing and Dyscoordination in Parkinson's Disease: Effects of Amplitude and Cadence Manipulations
author_facet	Williams, April J. Peterson, Daniel S. Ionno, Michele Pickett, Kristen A. Earhart, Gammon M.
author_sort	Williams, April J.
title	Upper Extremity Freezing and Dyscoordination in Parkinson's Disease: Effects of Amplitude and Cadence Manipulations
title_short	Upper Extremity Freezing and Dyscoordination in Parkinson's Disease: Effects of Amplitude and Cadence Manipulations
title_full	Upper Extremity Freezing and Dyscoordination in Parkinson's Disease: Effects of Amplitude and Cadence Manipulations
title_fullStr	Upper Extremity Freezing and Dyscoordination in Parkinson's Disease: Effects of Amplitude and Cadence Manipulations
title_full_unstemmed	Upper Extremity Freezing and Dyscoordination in Parkinson's Disease: Effects of Amplitude and Cadence Manipulations
title_sort	upper extremity freezing and dyscoordination in parkinson's disease: effects of amplitude and cadence manipulations
description	Purpose. Motor freezing, the inability to produce effective movement, is associated with decreasing amplitude, hastening of movement, and poor coordination. We investigated how manipulations of movement amplitude and cadence affect upper extremity (UE) coordination as measured by the phase coordination index (PCI)—only previously measured in gait—and freezing of the upper extremity (FO-UE) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) who experience freezing of gait (PD + FOG), do not experience FOG (PD-FOG), and healthy controls. Methods. Twenty-seven participants with PD and 18 healthy older adults made alternating bimanual movements between targets under four conditions: Baseline; Fast; Small; SmallFast. Kinematic data were recorded and analyzed for PCI and FO-UE events. PCI and FO-UE were compared across groups and conditions. Correlations between UE PCI, gait PCI, FO-UE, and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q) were determined. Results. PD + FOG had poorer coordination than healthy old during SmallFast. UE coordination correlated with number of FO-UE episodes in two conditions and FOG-Q score in one. No differences existed between PD−/+FOG in coordination or number of FO-UE episodes. Conclusions. Dyscoordination and FO-UE can be elicited by manipulating cadence and amplitude of an alternating bimanual task. It remains unclear whether FO-UE and FOG share common mechanisms.
publisher	Hindawi Publishing Corporation
publishDate	2013
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3763266/
_version_	1612008421587943424

Upper Extremity Freezing and Dyscoordination in Parkinson's Disease: Effects of Amplitude and Cadence Manipulations

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