Plasticity Response in the Contralesional Hemisphere after Subtle Neurotrauma: Gene Expression Profiling after Partial Deafferentation of the Hippocampus

Neurotrauma or focal brain ischemia are known to trigger molecular and structural responses in the uninjured hemisphere. These responses may have implications for tissue repair processes as well as for the recovery of function. To determine whether the plasticity response in the uninjured hemisphere...

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Main Authors:	Andersson, Daniel, Wilhelmsson, Ulrika, Nilsson, Michael, Kubista, Mikael, Ståhlberg, Anders, Pekna, Marcela, Pekny, Milos
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2013
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3723880/

id	pubmed-3723880
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-37238802013-08-09 Plasticity Response in the Contralesional Hemisphere after Subtle Neurotrauma: Gene Expression Profiling after Partial Deafferentation of the Hippocampus Andersson, Daniel Wilhelmsson, Ulrika Nilsson, Michael Kubista, Mikael Ståhlberg, Anders Pekna, Marcela Pekny, Milos Research Article Neurotrauma or focal brain ischemia are known to trigger molecular and structural responses in the uninjured hemisphere. These responses may have implications for tissue repair processes as well as for the recovery of function. To determine whether the plasticity response in the uninjured hemisphere occurs even after a subtle trauma, we subjected mice to a partial unilateral deafferentation of the hippocampus induced by stereotactically performed entorhinal cortex lesion (ECL). The expression of selected genes was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR in the hippocampal tissue at the injured side and the contralesional side at day 4 and 14 after injury. We observed that expression of genes coding for synaptotagmin 1, ezrin, thrombospondin 4, and C1q proteins, that have all been implicated in the synapse formation, re-arrangement and plasticity, were upregulated both in the injured and the contralesional hippocampus, implying a plasticity response in the uninjured hemisphere. Several of the genes, the expression of which was altered in response to ECL, are known to be expressed in astrocytes. To test whether astrocyte activation plays a role in the observed plasticity response to ECL, we took advantage of mice deficient in two intermediate filament (nanofilament) proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (GFAP−/−Vim−/−) and exhibiting attenuated astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis. The absence of GFAP and vimentin reduced the ECL-induced upregulation of thrombospondin 4, indicating that this response to ECL depends on astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis. We conclude that even a very limited focal neurotrauma triggers a distinct response at the contralesional side, which at least to some extent depends on astrocyte activation. Public Library of Science 2013-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC3723880/ /pubmed/23936241 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070699 Text en © 2013 Andersson et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Andersson, Daniel Wilhelmsson, Ulrika Nilsson, Michael Kubista, Mikael Ståhlberg, Anders Pekna, Marcela Pekny, Milos
spellingShingle	Andersson, Daniel Wilhelmsson, Ulrika Nilsson, Michael Kubista, Mikael Ståhlberg, Anders Pekna, Marcela Pekny, Milos Plasticity Response in the Contralesional Hemisphere after Subtle Neurotrauma: Gene Expression Profiling after Partial Deafferentation of the Hippocampus
author_facet	Andersson, Daniel Wilhelmsson, Ulrika Nilsson, Michael Kubista, Mikael Ståhlberg, Anders Pekna, Marcela Pekny, Milos
author_sort	Andersson, Daniel
title	Plasticity Response in the Contralesional Hemisphere after Subtle Neurotrauma: Gene Expression Profiling after Partial Deafferentation of the Hippocampus
title_short	Plasticity Response in the Contralesional Hemisphere after Subtle Neurotrauma: Gene Expression Profiling after Partial Deafferentation of the Hippocampus
title_full	Plasticity Response in the Contralesional Hemisphere after Subtle Neurotrauma: Gene Expression Profiling after Partial Deafferentation of the Hippocampus
title_fullStr	Plasticity Response in the Contralesional Hemisphere after Subtle Neurotrauma: Gene Expression Profiling after Partial Deafferentation of the Hippocampus
title_full_unstemmed	Plasticity Response in the Contralesional Hemisphere after Subtle Neurotrauma: Gene Expression Profiling after Partial Deafferentation of the Hippocampus
title_sort	plasticity response in the contralesional hemisphere after subtle neurotrauma: gene expression profiling after partial deafferentation of the hippocampus
description	Neurotrauma or focal brain ischemia are known to trigger molecular and structural responses in the uninjured hemisphere. These responses may have implications for tissue repair processes as well as for the recovery of function. To determine whether the plasticity response in the uninjured hemisphere occurs even after a subtle trauma, we subjected mice to a partial unilateral deafferentation of the hippocampus induced by stereotactically performed entorhinal cortex lesion (ECL). The expression of selected genes was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR in the hippocampal tissue at the injured side and the contralesional side at day 4 and 14 after injury. We observed that expression of genes coding for synaptotagmin 1, ezrin, thrombospondin 4, and C1q proteins, that have all been implicated in the synapse formation, re-arrangement and plasticity, were upregulated both in the injured and the contralesional hippocampus, implying a plasticity response in the uninjured hemisphere. Several of the genes, the expression of which was altered in response to ECL, are known to be expressed in astrocytes. To test whether astrocyte activation plays a role in the observed plasticity response to ECL, we took advantage of mice deficient in two intermediate filament (nanofilament) proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin (GFAP−/−Vim−/−) and exhibiting attenuated astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis. The absence of GFAP and vimentin reduced the ECL-induced upregulation of thrombospondin 4, indicating that this response to ECL depends on astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis. We conclude that even a very limited focal neurotrauma triggers a distinct response at the contralesional side, which at least to some extent depends on astrocyte activation.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2013
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3723880/
_version_	1611998081204617216

Plasticity Response in the Contralesional Hemisphere after Subtle Neurotrauma: Gene Expression Profiling after Partial Deafferentation of the Hippocampus

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