Archaeal and bacterial diversity in an arsenic-rich shallow-sea hydrothermal system undergoing phase separation

Phase separation is a ubiquitous process in seafloor hydrothermal vents, creating a large range of salinities. Toxic elements (e.g., arsenic) partition into the vapor phase, and thus can be enriched in both high and low salinity fluids. However, investigations of microbial diversity at sites associa...

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Main Authors:	Price, Roy E., Lesniewski, Ryan, Nitzsche, Katja S., Meyerdierks, Anke, Saltikov, Chad, Pichler, Thomas, Amend, Jan P.
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2013
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705188/

id	pubmed-3705188
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-37051882013-07-11 Archaeal and bacterial diversity in an arsenic-rich shallow-sea hydrothermal system undergoing phase separation Price, Roy E. Lesniewski, Ryan Nitzsche, Katja S. Meyerdierks, Anke Saltikov, Chad Pichler, Thomas Amend, Jan P. Microbiology Phase separation is a ubiquitous process in seafloor hydrothermal vents, creating a large range of salinities. Toxic elements (e.g., arsenic) partition into the vapor phase, and thus can be enriched in both high and low salinity fluids. However, investigations of microbial diversity at sites associated with phase separation are rare. We evaluated prokaryotic diversity in arsenic-rich shallow-sea vents off Milos Island (Greece) by comparative analysis of 16S rRNA clone sequences from two vent sites with similar pH and temperature but marked differences in salinity. Clone sequences were also obtained for aioA-like functional genes (AFGs). Bacteria in the surface sediments (0–1.5 cm) at the high salinity site consisted of mainly Epsilonproteobacteria (Arcobacter sp.), which transitioned to almost exclusively Firmicutes (Bacillus sp.) at ~10 cm depth. However, the low salinity site consisted of Bacteroidetes (Flavobacteria) in the surface and Epsilonproteobacteria (Arcobacter sp.) at ~10 cm depth. Archaea in the high salinity surface sediments were dominated by the orders Archaeoglobales and Thermococcales, transitioning to Thermoproteales and Desulfurococcales (Staphylothermus sp.) in the deeper sediments. In contrast, the low salinity site was dominated by Thermoplasmatales in the surface and Thermoproteales at depth. Similarities in gas and redox chemistry suggest that salinity and/or arsenic concentrations may select for microbial communities that can tolerate these parameters. Many of the archaeal 16S rRNA sequences contained inserts, possibly introns, including members of the Euryarchaeota. Clones containing AFGs affiliated with either Alpha- or Betaproteobacteria, although most were only distantly related to published representatives. Most clones (89%) originated from the deeper layer of the low salinity, highest arsenic site. This is the only sample with overlap in 16S rRNA data, suggesting arsenotrophy as an important metabolism in similar environments. Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3705188/ /pubmed/23847597 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00158 Text en Copyright © 2013 Price, Lesniewski, Nitzsche, Meyerdierks, Saltikov, Pichler and Amend. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Price, Roy E. Lesniewski, Ryan Nitzsche, Katja S. Meyerdierks, Anke Saltikov, Chad Pichler, Thomas Amend, Jan P.
spellingShingle	Price, Roy E. Lesniewski, Ryan Nitzsche, Katja S. Meyerdierks, Anke Saltikov, Chad Pichler, Thomas Amend, Jan P. Archaeal and bacterial diversity in an arsenic-rich shallow-sea hydrothermal system undergoing phase separation
author_facet	Price, Roy E. Lesniewski, Ryan Nitzsche, Katja S. Meyerdierks, Anke Saltikov, Chad Pichler, Thomas Amend, Jan P.
author_sort	Price, Roy E.
title	Archaeal and bacterial diversity in an arsenic-rich shallow-sea hydrothermal system undergoing phase separation
title_short	Archaeal and bacterial diversity in an arsenic-rich shallow-sea hydrothermal system undergoing phase separation
title_full	Archaeal and bacterial diversity in an arsenic-rich shallow-sea hydrothermal system undergoing phase separation
title_fullStr	Archaeal and bacterial diversity in an arsenic-rich shallow-sea hydrothermal system undergoing phase separation
title_full_unstemmed	Archaeal and bacterial diversity in an arsenic-rich shallow-sea hydrothermal system undergoing phase separation
title_sort	archaeal and bacterial diversity in an arsenic-rich shallow-sea hydrothermal system undergoing phase separation
description	Phase separation is a ubiquitous process in seafloor hydrothermal vents, creating a large range of salinities. Toxic elements (e.g., arsenic) partition into the vapor phase, and thus can be enriched in both high and low salinity fluids. However, investigations of microbial diversity at sites associated with phase separation are rare. We evaluated prokaryotic diversity in arsenic-rich shallow-sea vents off Milos Island (Greece) by comparative analysis of 16S rRNA clone sequences from two vent sites with similar pH and temperature but marked differences in salinity. Clone sequences were also obtained for aioA-like functional genes (AFGs). Bacteria in the surface sediments (0–1.5 cm) at the high salinity site consisted of mainly Epsilonproteobacteria (Arcobacter sp.), which transitioned to almost exclusively Firmicutes (Bacillus sp.) at ~10 cm depth. However, the low salinity site consisted of Bacteroidetes (Flavobacteria) in the surface and Epsilonproteobacteria (Arcobacter sp.) at ~10 cm depth. Archaea in the high salinity surface sediments were dominated by the orders Archaeoglobales and Thermococcales, transitioning to Thermoproteales and Desulfurococcales (Staphylothermus sp.) in the deeper sediments. In contrast, the low salinity site was dominated by Thermoplasmatales in the surface and Thermoproteales at depth. Similarities in gas and redox chemistry suggest that salinity and/or arsenic concentrations may select for microbial communities that can tolerate these parameters. Many of the archaeal 16S rRNA sequences contained inserts, possibly introns, including members of the Euryarchaeota. Clones containing AFGs affiliated with either Alpha- or Betaproteobacteria, although most were only distantly related to published representatives. Most clones (89%) originated from the deeper layer of the low salinity, highest arsenic site. This is the only sample with overlap in 16S rRNA data, suggesting arsenotrophy as an important metabolism in similar environments.
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2013
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705188/
_version_	1611993036201394176

Archaeal and bacterial diversity in an arsenic-rich shallow-sea hydrothermal system undergoing phase separation

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