Under-Dominance Constrains the Evolution of Negative Autoregulation in Diploids
Regulatory networks have evolved to allow gene expression to rapidly track changes in the environment as well as to buffer perturbations and maintain cellular homeostasis in the absence of change. Theoretical work and empirical investigation in Escherichia coli have shown that negative autoregulatio...
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| Format: | Online |
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Public Library of Science
2013
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3605092/ |
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pubmed-36050922013-04-03 Under-Dominance Constrains the Evolution of Negative Autoregulation in Diploids Stewart, Alexander J. Seymour, Robert M. Pomiankowski, Andrew Reuter, Max Research Article Regulatory networks have evolved to allow gene expression to rapidly track changes in the environment as well as to buffer perturbations and maintain cellular homeostasis in the absence of change. Theoretical work and empirical investigation in Escherichia coli have shown that negative autoregulation confers both rapid response times and reduced intrinsic noise, which is reflected in the fact that almost half of Escherichia coli transcription factors are negatively autoregulated. However, negative autoregulation is rare amongst the transcription factors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This difference is surprising because E. coli and S. cerevisiae otherwise have similar profiles of network motifs. In this study we investigate regulatory interactions amongst the transcription factors of Drosophila melanogaster and humans, and show that they have a similar dearth of negative autoregulation to that seen in S. cerevisiae. We then present a model demonstrating that this stiking difference in the noise reduction strategies used amongst species can be explained by constraints on the evolution of negative autoregulation in diploids. We show that regulatory interactions between pairs of homologous genes within the same cell can lead to under-dominance — mutations which result in stronger autoregulation, and decrease noise in homozygotes, paradoxically can cause increased noise in heterozygotes. This severely limits a diploid's ability to evolve negative autoregulation as a noise reduction mechanism. Our work offers a simple and general explanation for a previously unexplained difference between the regulatory architectures of E. coli and yeast, Drosophila and humans. It also demonstrates that the effects of diploidy in gene networks can have counter-intuitive consequences that may profoundly influence the course of evolution. Public Library of Science 2013-03-21 /pmc/articles/PMC3605092/ /pubmed/23555226 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002992 Text en © 2013 Stewart et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Stewart, Alexander J. Seymour, Robert M. Pomiankowski, Andrew Reuter, Max |
| spellingShingle |
Stewart, Alexander J. Seymour, Robert M. Pomiankowski, Andrew Reuter, Max Under-Dominance Constrains the Evolution of Negative Autoregulation in Diploids |
| author_facet |
Stewart, Alexander J. Seymour, Robert M. Pomiankowski, Andrew Reuter, Max |
| author_sort |
Stewart, Alexander J. |
| title |
Under-Dominance Constrains the Evolution of Negative Autoregulation in Diploids |
| title_short |
Under-Dominance Constrains the Evolution of Negative Autoregulation in Diploids |
| title_full |
Under-Dominance Constrains the Evolution of Negative Autoregulation in Diploids |
| title_fullStr |
Under-Dominance Constrains the Evolution of Negative Autoregulation in Diploids |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Under-Dominance Constrains the Evolution of Negative Autoregulation in Diploids |
| title_sort |
under-dominance constrains the evolution of negative autoregulation in diploids |
| description |
Regulatory networks have evolved to allow gene expression to rapidly track changes in the environment as well as to buffer perturbations and maintain cellular homeostasis in the absence of change. Theoretical work and empirical investigation in Escherichia coli have shown that negative autoregulation confers both rapid response times and reduced intrinsic noise, which is reflected in the fact that almost half of Escherichia coli transcription factors are negatively autoregulated. However, negative autoregulation is rare amongst the transcription factors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This difference is surprising because E. coli and S. cerevisiae otherwise have similar profiles of network motifs. In this study we investigate regulatory interactions amongst the transcription factors of Drosophila melanogaster and humans, and show that they have a similar dearth of negative autoregulation to that seen in S. cerevisiae. We then present a model demonstrating that this stiking difference in the noise reduction strategies used amongst species can be explained by constraints on the evolution of negative autoregulation in diploids. We show that regulatory interactions between pairs of homologous genes within the same cell can lead to under-dominance — mutations which result in stronger autoregulation, and decrease noise in homozygotes, paradoxically can cause increased noise in heterozygotes. This severely limits a diploid's ability to evolve negative autoregulation as a noise reduction mechanism. Our work offers a simple and general explanation for a previously unexplained difference between the regulatory architectures of E. coli and yeast, Drosophila and humans. It also demonstrates that the effects of diploidy in gene networks can have counter-intuitive consequences that may profoundly influence the course of evolution. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3605092/ |
| _version_ |
1611964454419824640 |