Semantic Classical Conditioning and Brain-Computer Interface Control: Encoding of Affirmative and Negative Thinking
The aim of the study was to investigate conditioned electroencephalography (EEG) responses to factually correct and incorrect statements in order to enable binary communication by means of a brain-computer interface (BCI). In two experiments with healthy participants true and false statements (servi...
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| Format: | Online |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2013
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3590492/ |
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pubmed-35904922013-03-07 Semantic Classical Conditioning and Brain-Computer Interface Control: Encoding of Affirmative and Negative Thinking Ruf, Carolin A. De Massari, Daniele Furdea, Adrian Matuz, Tamara Fioravanti, Chiara van der Heiden, Linda Halder, Sebastian Birbaumer, Niels Neuroscience The aim of the study was to investigate conditioned electroencephalography (EEG) responses to factually correct and incorrect statements in order to enable binary communication by means of a brain-computer interface (BCI). In two experiments with healthy participants true and false statements (serving as conditioned stimuli, CSs) were paired with two different tones which served as unconditioned stimuli (USs). The features of the USs were varied and tested for their effectiveness to elicit differentiable conditioned reactions (CRs). After acquisition of the CRs, these CRs to true and false statements were classified offline using a radial basis function kernel support vector machine. A mean single-trial classification accuracy of 50.5% was achieved for differentiating conditioned “yes” versus “no” thinking and mean accuracies of 65.4% for classification of “yes” and 68.8% for “no” thinking (both relative to baseline) were found using the best US. Analysis of the area under the curve of the conditioned EEG responses revealed significant differences between conditioned “yes” and “no” answers. Even though improvements are necessary, these first results indicate that the semantic conditioning paradigm could be a useful basis for further research regarding BCI communication in patients in the complete locked-in state. Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-03-07 /pmc/articles/PMC3590492/ /pubmed/23471568 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2013.00023 Text en Copyright © 2013 Ruf, De Massari, Furdea, Matuz, Fioravanti, van der Heiden, Halder and Birbaumer. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc. |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Ruf, Carolin A. De Massari, Daniele Furdea, Adrian Matuz, Tamara Fioravanti, Chiara van der Heiden, Linda Halder, Sebastian Birbaumer, Niels |
| spellingShingle |
Ruf, Carolin A. De Massari, Daniele Furdea, Adrian Matuz, Tamara Fioravanti, Chiara van der Heiden, Linda Halder, Sebastian Birbaumer, Niels Semantic Classical Conditioning and Brain-Computer Interface Control: Encoding of Affirmative and Negative Thinking |
| author_facet |
Ruf, Carolin A. De Massari, Daniele Furdea, Adrian Matuz, Tamara Fioravanti, Chiara van der Heiden, Linda Halder, Sebastian Birbaumer, Niels |
| author_sort |
Ruf, Carolin A. |
| title |
Semantic Classical Conditioning and Brain-Computer Interface Control: Encoding of Affirmative and Negative Thinking |
| title_short |
Semantic Classical Conditioning and Brain-Computer Interface Control: Encoding of Affirmative and Negative Thinking |
| title_full |
Semantic Classical Conditioning and Brain-Computer Interface Control: Encoding of Affirmative and Negative Thinking |
| title_fullStr |
Semantic Classical Conditioning and Brain-Computer Interface Control: Encoding of Affirmative and Negative Thinking |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Semantic Classical Conditioning and Brain-Computer Interface Control: Encoding of Affirmative and Negative Thinking |
| title_sort |
semantic classical conditioning and brain-computer interface control: encoding of affirmative and negative thinking |
| description |
The aim of the study was to investigate conditioned electroencephalography (EEG) responses to factually correct and incorrect statements in order to enable binary communication by means of a brain-computer interface (BCI). In two experiments with healthy participants true and false statements (serving as conditioned stimuli, CSs) were paired with two different tones which served as unconditioned stimuli (USs). The features of the USs were varied and tested for their effectiveness to elicit differentiable conditioned reactions (CRs). After acquisition of the CRs, these CRs to true and false statements were classified offline using a radial basis function kernel support vector machine. A mean single-trial classification accuracy of 50.5% was achieved for differentiating conditioned “yes” versus “no” thinking and mean accuracies of 65.4% for classification of “yes” and 68.8% for “no” thinking (both relative to baseline) were found using the best US. Analysis of the area under the curve of the conditioned EEG responses revealed significant differences between conditioned “yes” and “no” answers. Even though improvements are necessary, these first results indicate that the semantic conditioning paradigm could be a useful basis for further research regarding BCI communication in patients in the complete locked-in state. |
| publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3590492/ |
| _version_ |
1611960254714609664 |