What Is the de-qi-Related Pattern of BOLD Responses? A Review of Acupuncture Studies in fMRI

de-qi, comprising mostly subjective sensations during acupuncture, is traditionally considered as a very important component for the possible therapeutic effects of acupuncture. However, the neural correlates of de-qi are still unclear. In this paper, we reviewed previous fMRI studies from the view...

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Main Authors:	Sun, Jinbo, Zhu, Yuanqiang, Yang, Yang, Jin, Lingmin, von Deneen, Karen M., Qin, Wei, Tian, Jie
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3582103/

id	pubmed-3582103
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-35821032013-03-09 What Is the de-qi-Related Pattern of BOLD Responses? A Review of Acupuncture Studies in fMRI Sun, Jinbo Zhu, Yuanqiang Yang, Yang Jin, Lingmin von Deneen, Karen M. Qin, Wei Tian, Jie Review Article de-qi, comprising mostly subjective sensations during acupuncture, is traditionally considered as a very important component for the possible therapeutic effects of acupuncture. However, the neural correlates of de-qi are still unclear. In this paper, we reviewed previous fMRI studies from the viewpoint of the neural responses of de-qi. We searched on Pubmed and identified 111 papers. Fourteen studies distinguishing de-qi and sharp pain and eight studies with the mixed sensations were included in further discussions. We found that the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses associated with de-qi were activation dominated, mainly around cortical areas relevant to the processing of somatosensory or pain signals. More intense and extensive activations were shown for the mixed sensations. Specific activations of sharp pain were also shown. Similar BOLD response patterns between de-qi evoked by acupuncture stimulation and de-qi-like sensations evoked by deep pain stimulation were shown. We reckon that a standardized method of qualification and quantification of de-qi, deeper understanding of grouping strategy of de-qi and sharp pain, and making deep pain stimulation as a control, as well as a series of improvements in the statistical method, are crucial factors for revealing the neural correlates of de-qi and neural mechanisms of acupuncture. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 2013-02-07 /pmc/articles/PMC3582103/ /pubmed/23476685 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/297839 Text en Copyright © 2013 Jinbo Sun et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Sun, Jinbo Zhu, Yuanqiang Yang, Yang Jin, Lingmin von Deneen, Karen M. Qin, Wei Tian, Jie
spellingShingle	Sun, Jinbo Zhu, Yuanqiang Yang, Yang Jin, Lingmin von Deneen, Karen M. Qin, Wei Tian, Jie What Is the de-qi-Related Pattern of BOLD Responses? A Review of Acupuncture Studies in fMRI
author_facet	Sun, Jinbo Zhu, Yuanqiang Yang, Yang Jin, Lingmin von Deneen, Karen M. Qin, Wei Tian, Jie
author_sort	Sun, Jinbo
title	What Is the de-qi-Related Pattern of BOLD Responses? A Review of Acupuncture Studies in fMRI
title_short	What Is the de-qi-Related Pattern of BOLD Responses? A Review of Acupuncture Studies in fMRI
title_full	What Is the de-qi-Related Pattern of BOLD Responses? A Review of Acupuncture Studies in fMRI
title_fullStr	What Is the de-qi-Related Pattern of BOLD Responses? A Review of Acupuncture Studies in fMRI
title_full_unstemmed	What Is the de-qi-Related Pattern of BOLD Responses? A Review of Acupuncture Studies in fMRI
title_sort	what is the de-qi-related pattern of bold responses? a review of acupuncture studies in fmri
description	de-qi, comprising mostly subjective sensations during acupuncture, is traditionally considered as a very important component for the possible therapeutic effects of acupuncture. However, the neural correlates of de-qi are still unclear. In this paper, we reviewed previous fMRI studies from the viewpoint of the neural responses of de-qi. We searched on Pubmed and identified 111 papers. Fourteen studies distinguishing de-qi and sharp pain and eight studies with the mixed sensations were included in further discussions. We found that the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses associated with de-qi were activation dominated, mainly around cortical areas relevant to the processing of somatosensory or pain signals. More intense and extensive activations were shown for the mixed sensations. Specific activations of sharp pain were also shown. Similar BOLD response patterns between de-qi evoked by acupuncture stimulation and de-qi-like sensations evoked by deep pain stimulation were shown. We reckon that a standardized method of qualification and quantification of de-qi, deeper understanding of grouping strategy of de-qi and sharp pain, and making deep pain stimulation as a control, as well as a series of improvements in the statistical method, are crucial factors for revealing the neural correlates of de-qi and neural mechanisms of acupuncture.
publisher	Hindawi Publishing Corporation
publishDate	2013
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3582103/
_version_	1611957555786940416

What Is the de-qi-Related Pattern of BOLD Responses? A Review of Acupuncture Studies in fMRI

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