Study of Cis-regulatory Elements in the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis
The ascidian (sea squirt) C. intestinalis has become an important model organism for the study of cis-regulation. This is largely due to the technology that has been developed for assessing cis-regulatory activity through the use of transient reporter transgenes introduced into fertilized eggs. This...
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Bentham Science Publishers
2013
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3580780/ |
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pubmed-35807802013-09-01 Study of Cis-regulatory Elements in the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis Irvine, Steven Q Article The ascidian (sea squirt) C. intestinalis has become an important model organism for the study of cis-regulation. This is largely due to the technology that has been developed for assessing cis-regulatory activity through the use of transient reporter transgenes introduced into fertilized eggs. This technique allows the rapid and inexpensive testing of endogenous or altered DNA for regulatory activity in vivo. This review examines evidence that C. intestinalis cis-regulatory elements are located more closely to coding regions than in other model organisms. I go on to compare the organization of cis-regulatory elements and conserved non-coding sequences in Ciona, mammals, and other deuterostomes for three representative C.intestinalis genes, Pax6, FoxAa, and the DlxA-B cluster, along with homologs in the other species. These comparisons point out some of the similarities and differences between cis-regulatory elements and their study in the various model organisms. Finally, I provide illustrations of how C. intestinalis lends itself to detailed study of the structure of cis-regulatory elements, which have led, and promise to continue to lead, to important insights into the fundamentals of transcriptional regulation. Bentham Science Publishers 2013-03 2013-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3580780/ /pubmed/23997651 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920213804999192 Text en ©2013 Bentham Science Publishers http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/), which permits unrestrictive use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Irvine, Steven Q |
| spellingShingle |
Irvine, Steven Q Study of Cis-regulatory Elements in the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis |
| author_facet |
Irvine, Steven Q |
| author_sort |
Irvine, Steven Q |
| title |
Study of Cis-regulatory Elements in the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis |
| title_short |
Study of Cis-regulatory Elements in the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis |
| title_full |
Study of Cis-regulatory Elements in the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis |
| title_fullStr |
Study of Cis-regulatory Elements in the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Study of Cis-regulatory Elements in the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis |
| title_sort |
study of cis-regulatory elements in the ascidian ciona intestinalis |
| description |
The ascidian (sea squirt) C. intestinalis has become an important model organism for the study of cis-regulation. This is largely due to the technology that has been developed for assessing cis-regulatory activity through the use of transient reporter transgenes introduced into fertilized eggs. This technique allows the rapid and inexpensive testing of endogenous or altered DNA for regulatory activity in vivo. This review examines evidence that C. intestinalis
cis-regulatory elements are located more closely to coding regions than in other model organisms. I go on to compare the organization of cis-regulatory elements and conserved non-coding sequences in Ciona, mammals, and other deuterostomes for three representative C.intestinalis genes, Pax6, FoxAa, and the DlxA-B cluster, along with homologs in the other species. These comparisons point out some of the similarities and differences between cis-regulatory elements and their study in the various model organisms. Finally, I provide illustrations of how C. intestinalis lends itself to detailed study of the structure of cis-regulatory elements, which have led, and promise to continue to lead, to important insights into the fundamentals of transcriptional regulation. |
| publisher |
Bentham Science Publishers |
| publishDate |
2013 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3580780/ |
| _version_ |
1611957194486448128 |