Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: disturbances in automaticity and control

Recent studies emphasize a key role of controlled operations, such as set-shifting and inhibition, in the occurrence of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, FOG can also be characterized as a de-automatization disorder, showing impairments in both the execution and acqui...

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Main Authors:	Vandenbossche, Jochen, Deroost, N., Soetens, E., Coomans, D., Spildooren, J., Vercruysse, S., Nieuwboer, A., Kerckhofs, E.
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2013
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3541536/

id	pubmed-3541536
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-35415362013-01-18 Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: disturbances in automaticity and control Vandenbossche, Jochen Deroost, N. Soetens, E. Coomans, D. Spildooren, J. Vercruysse, S. Nieuwboer, A. Kerckhofs, E. Neuroscience Recent studies emphasize a key role of controlled operations, such as set-shifting and inhibition, in the occurrence of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, FOG can also be characterized as a de-automatization disorder, showing impairments in both the execution and acquisition of automaticity. The observed deficits in automaticity and executive functioning indicate that both processes are malfunctioning in freezers. Therefore, to explain FOG from a cognitive-based perspective, we present a model describing the pathways involved in automatic and controlled processes prior to a FOG episode. Crucially, we focus on disturbances in automaticity and control, regulated by the frontostriatal circuitry. In complex situations, non-freezing PD patients may compensate for deficits in automaticity by switching to increased cognitive control. However, as both automatic and controlled processes are more severely impaired in freezers, this hampers cognitive compensation in FOG, resulting in a potential breakdown. Future directions for cognitive rehabilitation are proposed, based on the cognitive model we put forward. Frontiers Media S.A. 2013-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC3541536/ /pubmed/23335895 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00356 Text en Copyright © 2013 Vandenbossche, Deroost, Soetens, Coomans, Spildooren, Vercruysse, Nieuwboer and Kerckhofs. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Vandenbossche, Jochen Deroost, N. Soetens, E. Coomans, D. Spildooren, J. Vercruysse, S. Nieuwboer, A. Kerckhofs, E.
spellingShingle	Vandenbossche, Jochen Deroost, N. Soetens, E. Coomans, D. Spildooren, J. Vercruysse, S. Nieuwboer, A. Kerckhofs, E. Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: disturbances in automaticity and control
author_facet	Vandenbossche, Jochen Deroost, N. Soetens, E. Coomans, D. Spildooren, J. Vercruysse, S. Nieuwboer, A. Kerckhofs, E.
author_sort	Vandenbossche, Jochen
title	Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: disturbances in automaticity and control
title_short	Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: disturbances in automaticity and control
title_full	Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: disturbances in automaticity and control
title_fullStr	Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: disturbances in automaticity and control
title_full_unstemmed	Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: disturbances in automaticity and control
title_sort	freezing of gait in parkinson's disease: disturbances in automaticity and control
description	Recent studies emphasize a key role of controlled operations, such as set-shifting and inhibition, in the occurrence of freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, FOG can also be characterized as a de-automatization disorder, showing impairments in both the execution and acquisition of automaticity. The observed deficits in automaticity and executive functioning indicate that both processes are malfunctioning in freezers. Therefore, to explain FOG from a cognitive-based perspective, we present a model describing the pathways involved in automatic and controlled processes prior to a FOG episode. Crucially, we focus on disturbances in automaticity and control, regulated by the frontostriatal circuitry. In complex situations, non-freezing PD patients may compensate for deficits in automaticity by switching to increased cognitive control. However, as both automatic and controlled processes are more severely impaired in freezers, this hampers cognitive compensation in FOG, resulting in a potential breakdown. Future directions for cognitive rehabilitation are proposed, based on the cognitive model we put forward.
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2013
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3541536/
_version_	1611945835805802496

Freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: disturbances in automaticity and control

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