BCG Vaccination Reduces Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Vaccinated Badgers and Unvaccinated Badger Cubs

BCG Vaccination Reduces Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Vaccinated Badgers and Unvaccinated Badger Cubs

Wildlife is a global source of endemic and emerging infectious diseases. The control of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle in Britain and Ireland is hindered by persistent infection in wild badgers (Meles meles). Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been shown to reduce the severity and prog...

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Main Authors: Carter, Stephen P., Chambers, Mark A., Rushton, Stephen P., Shirley, Mark D. F., Schuchert, Pia, Pietravalle, Stéphane, Murray, Alistair, Rogers, Fiona, Gettinby, George, Smith, Graham C., Delahay, Richard J., Hewinson, R. Glyn, McDonald, Robbie A.
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science 2012
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3521029/
id pubmed-3521029
recordtype oai_dc
spelling pubmed-35210292012-12-18 BCG Vaccination Reduces Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Vaccinated Badgers and Unvaccinated Badger Cubs Carter, Stephen P. Chambers, Mark A. Rushton, Stephen P. Shirley, Mark D. F. Schuchert, Pia Pietravalle, Stéphane Murray, Alistair Rogers, Fiona Gettinby, George Smith, Graham C. Delahay, Richard J. Hewinson, R. Glyn McDonald, Robbie A. Research Article Wildlife is a global source of endemic and emerging infectious diseases. The control of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle in Britain and Ireland is hindered by persistent infection in wild badgers (Meles meles). Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been shown to reduce the severity and progression of experimentally induced TB in captive badgers. Analysis of data from a four-year clinical field study, conducted at the social group level, suggested a similar, direct protective effect of BCG in a wild badger population. Here we present new evidence from the same study identifying both a direct beneficial effect of vaccination in individual badgers and an indirect protective effect in unvaccinated cubs. We show that intramuscular injection of BCG reduced by 76% (Odds ratio = 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11–0.52) the risk of free-living vaccinated individuals testing positive to a diagnostic test combination to detect progressive infection. A more sensitive panel of tests for the detection of infection per se identified a reduction of 54% (Odds ratio = 0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0.88) in the risk of a positive result following vaccination. In addition, we show the risk of unvaccinated badger cubs, but not adults, testing positive to an even more sensitive panel of diagnostic tests decreased significantly as the proportion of vaccinated individuals in their social group increased (Odds ratio = 0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.76; P = 0.03). When more than a third of their social group had been vaccinated, the risk to unvaccinated cubs was reduced by 79% (Odds ratio = 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.81; P = 0.02). Public Library of Science 2012-12-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3521029/ /pubmed/23251352 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049833 Text en © 2012 Carter et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type Open Access Journal
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building NCBI PubMed
collection Online Access
language English
format Online
author Carter, Stephen P.
Chambers, Mark A.
Rushton, Stephen P.
Shirley, Mark D. F.
Schuchert, Pia
Pietravalle, Stéphane
Murray, Alistair
Rogers, Fiona
Gettinby, George
Smith, Graham C.
Delahay, Richard J.
Hewinson, R. Glyn
McDonald, Robbie A.
spellingShingle Carter, Stephen P.
Chambers, Mark A.
Rushton, Stephen P.
Shirley, Mark D. F.
Schuchert, Pia
Pietravalle, Stéphane
Murray, Alistair
Rogers, Fiona
Gettinby, George
Smith, Graham C.
Delahay, Richard J.
Hewinson, R. Glyn
McDonald, Robbie A.
BCG Vaccination Reduces Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Vaccinated Badgers and Unvaccinated Badger Cubs
author_facet Carter, Stephen P.
Chambers, Mark A.
Rushton, Stephen P.
Shirley, Mark D. F.
Schuchert, Pia
Pietravalle, Stéphane
Murray, Alistair
Rogers, Fiona
Gettinby, George
Smith, Graham C.
Delahay, Richard J.
Hewinson, R. Glyn
McDonald, Robbie A.
author_sort Carter, Stephen P.
title BCG Vaccination Reduces Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Vaccinated Badgers and Unvaccinated Badger Cubs
title_short BCG Vaccination Reduces Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Vaccinated Badgers and Unvaccinated Badger Cubs
title_full BCG Vaccination Reduces Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Vaccinated Badgers and Unvaccinated Badger Cubs
title_fullStr BCG Vaccination Reduces Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Vaccinated Badgers and Unvaccinated Badger Cubs
title_full_unstemmed BCG Vaccination Reduces Risk of Tuberculosis Infection in Vaccinated Badgers and Unvaccinated Badger Cubs
title_sort bcg vaccination reduces risk of tuberculosis infection in vaccinated badgers and unvaccinated badger cubs
description Wildlife is a global source of endemic and emerging infectious diseases. The control of tuberculosis (TB) in cattle in Britain and Ireland is hindered by persistent infection in wild badgers (Meles meles). Vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been shown to reduce the severity and progression of experimentally induced TB in captive badgers. Analysis of data from a four-year clinical field study, conducted at the social group level, suggested a similar, direct protective effect of BCG in a wild badger population. Here we present new evidence from the same study identifying both a direct beneficial effect of vaccination in individual badgers and an indirect protective effect in unvaccinated cubs. We show that intramuscular injection of BCG reduced by 76% (Odds ratio = 0.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11–0.52) the risk of free-living vaccinated individuals testing positive to a diagnostic test combination to detect progressive infection. A more sensitive panel of tests for the detection of infection per se identified a reduction of 54% (Odds ratio = 0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0.88) in the risk of a positive result following vaccination. In addition, we show the risk of unvaccinated badger cubs, but not adults, testing positive to an even more sensitive panel of diagnostic tests decreased significantly as the proportion of vaccinated individuals in their social group increased (Odds ratio = 0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.76; P = 0.03). When more than a third of their social group had been vaccinated, the risk to unvaccinated cubs was reduced by 79% (Odds ratio = 0.21, 95% CI 0.05–0.81; P = 0.02).
publisher Public Library of Science
publishDate 2012
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3521029/
_version_ 1611940043575787520

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