scMRI Reveals Large-Scale Brain Network Abnormalities in Autism

Autism is a complex neurological condition characterized by childhood onset of dysfunction in multiple cognitive domains including socio-emotional function, speech and language, and processing of internally versus externally directed stimuli. Although gross brain anatomic differences in autism are w...

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Main Authors:	Zielinski, Brandon A., Anderson, Jeffrey S., Froehlich, Alyson L., Prigge, Molly B. D., Nielsen, Jared A., Cooperrider, Jason R., Cariello, Annahir N., Fletcher, P. Thomas, Alexander, Andrew L., Lange, Nicholas, Bigler, Erin D., Lainhart, Janet E.
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2012
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3504046/

id	pubmed-3504046
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-35040462012-11-26 scMRI Reveals Large-Scale Brain Network Abnormalities in Autism Zielinski, Brandon A. Anderson, Jeffrey S. Froehlich, Alyson L. Prigge, Molly B. D. Nielsen, Jared A. Cooperrider, Jason R. Cariello, Annahir N. Fletcher, P. Thomas Alexander, Andrew L. Lange, Nicholas Bigler, Erin D. Lainhart, Janet E. Research Article Autism is a complex neurological condition characterized by childhood onset of dysfunction in multiple cognitive domains including socio-emotional function, speech and language, and processing of internally versus externally directed stimuli. Although gross brain anatomic differences in autism are well established, recent studies investigating regional differences in brain structure and function have yielded divergent and seemingly contradictory results. How regional abnormalities relate to the autistic phenotype remains unclear. We hypothesized that autism exhibits distinct perturbations in network-level brain architecture, and that cognitive dysfunction may be reflected by abnormal network structure. Network-level anatomic abnormalities in autism have not been previously described. We used structural covariance MRI to investigate network-level differences in gray matter structure within two large-scale networks strongly implicated in autism, the salience network and the default mode network, in autistic subjects and age-, gender-, and IQ-matched controls. We report specific perturbations in brain network architecture in the salience and default-mode networks consistent with clinical manifestations of autism. Extent and distribution of the salience network, involved in social-emotional regulation of environmental stimuli, is restricted in autism. In contrast, posterior elements of the default mode network have increased spatial distribution, suggesting a ‘posteriorization’ of this network. These findings are consistent with a network-based model of autism, and suggest a unifying interpretation of previous work. Moreover, we provide evidence of specific abnormalities in brain network architecture underlying autism that are quantifiable using standard clinical MRI. Public Library of Science 2012-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC3504046/ /pubmed/23185305 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049172 Text en © 2012 Zielinski et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Zielinski, Brandon A. Anderson, Jeffrey S. Froehlich, Alyson L. Prigge, Molly B. D. Nielsen, Jared A. Cooperrider, Jason R. Cariello, Annahir N. Fletcher, P. Thomas Alexander, Andrew L. Lange, Nicholas Bigler, Erin D. Lainhart, Janet E.
spellingShingle	Zielinski, Brandon A. Anderson, Jeffrey S. Froehlich, Alyson L. Prigge, Molly B. D. Nielsen, Jared A. Cooperrider, Jason R. Cariello, Annahir N. Fletcher, P. Thomas Alexander, Andrew L. Lange, Nicholas Bigler, Erin D. Lainhart, Janet E. scMRI Reveals Large-Scale Brain Network Abnormalities in Autism
author_facet	Zielinski, Brandon A. Anderson, Jeffrey S. Froehlich, Alyson L. Prigge, Molly B. D. Nielsen, Jared A. Cooperrider, Jason R. Cariello, Annahir N. Fletcher, P. Thomas Alexander, Andrew L. Lange, Nicholas Bigler, Erin D. Lainhart, Janet E.
author_sort	Zielinski, Brandon A.
title	scMRI Reveals Large-Scale Brain Network Abnormalities in Autism
title_short	scMRI Reveals Large-Scale Brain Network Abnormalities in Autism
title_full	scMRI Reveals Large-Scale Brain Network Abnormalities in Autism
title_fullStr	scMRI Reveals Large-Scale Brain Network Abnormalities in Autism
title_full_unstemmed	scMRI Reveals Large-Scale Brain Network Abnormalities in Autism
title_sort	scmri reveals large-scale brain network abnormalities in autism
description	Autism is a complex neurological condition characterized by childhood onset of dysfunction in multiple cognitive domains including socio-emotional function, speech and language, and processing of internally versus externally directed stimuli. Although gross brain anatomic differences in autism are well established, recent studies investigating regional differences in brain structure and function have yielded divergent and seemingly contradictory results. How regional abnormalities relate to the autistic phenotype remains unclear. We hypothesized that autism exhibits distinct perturbations in network-level brain architecture, and that cognitive dysfunction may be reflected by abnormal network structure. Network-level anatomic abnormalities in autism have not been previously described. We used structural covariance MRI to investigate network-level differences in gray matter structure within two large-scale networks strongly implicated in autism, the salience network and the default mode network, in autistic subjects and age-, gender-, and IQ-matched controls. We report specific perturbations in brain network architecture in the salience and default-mode networks consistent with clinical manifestations of autism. Extent and distribution of the salience network, involved in social-emotional regulation of environmental stimuli, is restricted in autism. In contrast, posterior elements of the default mode network have increased spatial distribution, suggesting a ‘posteriorization’ of this network. These findings are consistent with a network-based model of autism, and suggest a unifying interpretation of previous work. Moreover, we provide evidence of specific abnormalities in brain network architecture underlying autism that are quantifiable using standard clinical MRI.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2012
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3504046/
_version_	1611934533602508800

scMRI Reveals Large-Scale Brain Network Abnormalities in Autism

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