Ceruloplasmin and iron in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: a synopsis of recent studies

Ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentration and oxidative activity in serum are lowered in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In most PD patients, iron increases in the substantia nigra in the midbrain. In PD, the low Cp concentration and activity in serum and the high iron amounts in the substantia nigra appears to be...

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Main Authors:	Kristinsson, Jakob, Snaedal, Jón, Tórsdóttir, Gudlaug, Jóhannesson, Torkell
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Dove Medical Press 2012
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3493298/

id	pubmed-3493298
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-34932982012-11-09 Ceruloplasmin and iron in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: a synopsis of recent studies Kristinsson, Jakob Snaedal, Jón Tórsdóttir, Gudlaug Jóhannesson, Torkell Review Ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentration and oxidative activity in serum are lowered in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In most PD patients, iron increases in the substantia nigra in the midbrain. In PD, the low Cp concentration and activity in serum and the high iron amounts in the substantia nigra appears to be correlated. An hereditary background is common in PD and variations in the Cp gene that have been found in PD are associated with high iron levels in the substantia nigra. Variations in Cp synthesis and in the incorporation of copper into the Cp molecule are essential features of PD. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the Cp activity in serum is lowered but not the concentration, except in the advanced stages of the disease. Generally, iron is not increased in the AD brain. In the AD brain, iron accumulates in neuritic plaques and in neurofibrillary tangles. There is also increased risk of iron-mediated tissue damage, which may possibly be counteracted by Cp. At the same time, the AD brain is short in copper, which presumably results in the deficient activity of many copper enzymes in the brain, in addition to Cp. Lowered Cp activity in serum most likely stems from lessened incorporation of copper in the Cp molecule and similar incorporation defects might also apply to other copper enzymes in AD. Dove Medical Press 2012 2012-11-02 /pmc/articles/PMC3493298/ /pubmed/23144563 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S34729 Text en © 2012 Kristinsson et al, publisher and licensee Dove Medical Press Ltd This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Kristinsson, Jakob Snaedal, Jón Tórsdóttir, Gudlaug Jóhannesson, Torkell
spellingShingle	Kristinsson, Jakob Snaedal, Jón Tórsdóttir, Gudlaug Jóhannesson, Torkell Ceruloplasmin and iron in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: a synopsis of recent studies
author_facet	Kristinsson, Jakob Snaedal, Jón Tórsdóttir, Gudlaug Jóhannesson, Torkell
author_sort	Kristinsson, Jakob
title	Ceruloplasmin and iron in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: a synopsis of recent studies
title_short	Ceruloplasmin and iron in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: a synopsis of recent studies
title_full	Ceruloplasmin and iron in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: a synopsis of recent studies
title_fullStr	Ceruloplasmin and iron in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: a synopsis of recent studies
title_full_unstemmed	Ceruloplasmin and iron in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: a synopsis of recent studies
title_sort	ceruloplasmin and iron in alzheimer’s disease and parkinson’s disease: a synopsis of recent studies
description	Ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentration and oxidative activity in serum are lowered in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In most PD patients, iron increases in the substantia nigra in the midbrain. In PD, the low Cp concentration and activity in serum and the high iron amounts in the substantia nigra appears to be correlated. An hereditary background is common in PD and variations in the Cp gene that have been found in PD are associated with high iron levels in the substantia nigra. Variations in Cp synthesis and in the incorporation of copper into the Cp molecule are essential features of PD. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the Cp activity in serum is lowered but not the concentration, except in the advanced stages of the disease. Generally, iron is not increased in the AD brain. In the AD brain, iron accumulates in neuritic plaques and in neurofibrillary tangles. There is also increased risk of iron-mediated tissue damage, which may possibly be counteracted by Cp. At the same time, the AD brain is short in copper, which presumably results in the deficient activity of many copper enzymes in the brain, in addition to Cp. Lowered Cp activity in serum most likely stems from lessened incorporation of copper in the Cp molecule and similar incorporation defects might also apply to other copper enzymes in AD.
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2012
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3493298/
_version_	1611922740568129536

Ceruloplasmin and iron in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease: a synopsis of recent studies

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