The Kinematics of Swimming and Relocation Jumps in Copepod Nauplii

Copepod nauplii move in a world dominated by viscosity. Their swimming-by-jumping propulsion mode, with alternating power and recovery strokes of three pairs of cephalic appendages, is fundamentally different from the way other microplankters move. Protozoans move using cilia or flagella, and copepo...

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Main Authors:	Andersen Borg, Christian Marc, Bruno, Eleonora, Kiørboe, Thomas
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2012
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3480368/

id	pubmed-3480368
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-34803682012-10-31 The Kinematics of Swimming and Relocation Jumps in Copepod Nauplii Andersen Borg, Christian Marc Bruno, Eleonora Kiørboe, Thomas Research Article Copepod nauplii move in a world dominated by viscosity. Their swimming-by-jumping propulsion mode, with alternating power and recovery strokes of three pairs of cephalic appendages, is fundamentally different from the way other microplankters move. Protozoans move using cilia or flagella, and copepodites are equipped with highly specialized swimming legs. In some species the nauplius may also propel itself more slowly through the water by beating and rotating the appendages in a different, more complex pattern. We use high-speed video to describe jumping and swimming in nauplii of three species of pelagic copepods: Temora longicornis, Oithona davisae and Acartia tonsa. The kinematics of jumping is similar between the three species. Jumps result in a very erratic translation with no phase of passive coasting and the nauplii move backwards during recovery strokes. This is due to poorly synchronized recovery strokes and a low beat frequency relative to the coasting time scale. For the same reason, the propulsion efficiency of the nauplii is low. Given the universality of the nauplius body plan, it is surprising that they seem to be inefficient when jumping, which is different from the very efficient larger copepodites. A slow-swimming mode is only displayed by T. longicornis. In this mode, beating of the appendages results in the creation of a strong feeding current that is about 10 times faster than the average translation speed of the nauplius. The nauplius is thus essentially hovering when feeding, which results in a higher feeding efficiency than that of a nauplius cruising through the water. Public Library of Science 2012-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC3480368/ /pubmed/23115647 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047486 Text en © 2012 Andersen Borg et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Andersen Borg, Christian Marc Bruno, Eleonora Kiørboe, Thomas
spellingShingle	Andersen Borg, Christian Marc Bruno, Eleonora Kiørboe, Thomas The Kinematics of Swimming and Relocation Jumps in Copepod Nauplii
author_facet	Andersen Borg, Christian Marc Bruno, Eleonora Kiørboe, Thomas
author_sort	Andersen Borg, Christian Marc
title	The Kinematics of Swimming and Relocation Jumps in Copepod Nauplii
title_short	The Kinematics of Swimming and Relocation Jumps in Copepod Nauplii
title_full	The Kinematics of Swimming and Relocation Jumps in Copepod Nauplii
title_fullStr	The Kinematics of Swimming and Relocation Jumps in Copepod Nauplii
title_full_unstemmed	The Kinematics of Swimming and Relocation Jumps in Copepod Nauplii
title_sort	kinematics of swimming and relocation jumps in copepod nauplii
description	Copepod nauplii move in a world dominated by viscosity. Their swimming-by-jumping propulsion mode, with alternating power and recovery strokes of three pairs of cephalic appendages, is fundamentally different from the way other microplankters move. Protozoans move using cilia or flagella, and copepodites are equipped with highly specialized swimming legs. In some species the nauplius may also propel itself more slowly through the water by beating and rotating the appendages in a different, more complex pattern. We use high-speed video to describe jumping and swimming in nauplii of three species of pelagic copepods: Temora longicornis, Oithona davisae and Acartia tonsa. The kinematics of jumping is similar between the three species. Jumps result in a very erratic translation with no phase of passive coasting and the nauplii move backwards during recovery strokes. This is due to poorly synchronized recovery strokes and a low beat frequency relative to the coasting time scale. For the same reason, the propulsion efficiency of the nauplii is low. Given the universality of the nauplius body plan, it is surprising that they seem to be inefficient when jumping, which is different from the very efficient larger copepodites. A slow-swimming mode is only displayed by T. longicornis. In this mode, beating of the appendages results in the creation of a strong feeding current that is about 10 times faster than the average translation speed of the nauplius. The nauplius is thus essentially hovering when feeding, which results in a higher feeding efficiency than that of a nauplius cruising through the water.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2012
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3480368/
_version_	1611918594092826624

The Kinematics of Swimming and Relocation Jumps in Copepod Nauplii

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