Ultrastructural Modifications in the Mitochondria of Hypoxia-Adapted Drosophila melanogaster

Chronic hypoxia (CH) occurs under certain physiological or pathological conditions, including in people who reside at high altitude or suffer chronic cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases. As mitochondria are the predominant oxygen-consuming organelles to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylatio...

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Main Authors:	Perkins, Guy, Hsiao, Yu-hsin, Yin, Songyue, Tjong, Jonathan, Tran, My T., Lau, Jenna, Xue, Jin, Liu, Siqi, Ellisman, Mark H., Zhou, Dan
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2012
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3446896/

id	pubmed-3446896
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-34468962012-10-01 Ultrastructural Modifications in the Mitochondria of Hypoxia-Adapted Drosophila melanogaster Perkins, Guy Hsiao, Yu-hsin Yin, Songyue Tjong, Jonathan Tran, My T. Lau, Jenna Xue, Jin Liu, Siqi Ellisman, Mark H. Zhou, Dan Research Article Chronic hypoxia (CH) occurs under certain physiological or pathological conditions, including in people who reside at high altitude or suffer chronic cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases. As mitochondria are the predominant oxygen-consuming organelles to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in cells, their responses, through structural or molecular modifications, to limited oxygen supply play an important role in the overall functional adaptation to hypoxia. Here, we report the adaptive mitochondrial ultrastructural modifications and the functional impacts in a recently generated hypoxia-adapted Drosophila melanogaster strain that survives severe, otherwise lethal, hypoxic conditions. Using electron tomography, we discovered increased mitochondrial volume density and cristae abundance, yet also cristae fragmentation and a unique honeycomb-like structure in the mitochondria of hypoxia-adapted flies. The homeostatic levels of adenylate and energy charge were similar between hypoxia-adapted and naïve control flies and the hypoxia-adapted flies remained active under severe hypoxia as quantified by negative geotaxis behavior. The equilibrium ATP level was lower in hypoxia-adapted flies than those of the naïve controls tested under severe hypoxia that inhibited the motion of control flies. Our results suggest that the structural rearrangement in the mitochondria of hypoxia-adapted flies may be an important adaptive mechanism that plays a critical role in preserving adenylate homeostasis and metabolism as well as muscle function under chronic hypoxic conditions. Public Library of Science 2012-09-19 /pmc/articles/PMC3446896/ /pubmed/23028948 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045344 Text en © 2012 Perkins et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Perkins, Guy Hsiao, Yu-hsin Yin, Songyue Tjong, Jonathan Tran, My T. Lau, Jenna Xue, Jin Liu, Siqi Ellisman, Mark H. Zhou, Dan
spellingShingle	Perkins, Guy Hsiao, Yu-hsin Yin, Songyue Tjong, Jonathan Tran, My T. Lau, Jenna Xue, Jin Liu, Siqi Ellisman, Mark H. Zhou, Dan Ultrastructural Modifications in the Mitochondria of Hypoxia-Adapted Drosophila melanogaster
author_facet	Perkins, Guy Hsiao, Yu-hsin Yin, Songyue Tjong, Jonathan Tran, My T. Lau, Jenna Xue, Jin Liu, Siqi Ellisman, Mark H. Zhou, Dan
author_sort	Perkins, Guy
title	Ultrastructural Modifications in the Mitochondria of Hypoxia-Adapted Drosophila melanogaster
title_short	Ultrastructural Modifications in the Mitochondria of Hypoxia-Adapted Drosophila melanogaster
title_full	Ultrastructural Modifications in the Mitochondria of Hypoxia-Adapted Drosophila melanogaster
title_fullStr	Ultrastructural Modifications in the Mitochondria of Hypoxia-Adapted Drosophila melanogaster
title_full_unstemmed	Ultrastructural Modifications in the Mitochondria of Hypoxia-Adapted Drosophila melanogaster
title_sort	ultrastructural modifications in the mitochondria of hypoxia-adapted drosophila melanogaster
description	Chronic hypoxia (CH) occurs under certain physiological or pathological conditions, including in people who reside at high altitude or suffer chronic cardiovascular or pulmonary diseases. As mitochondria are the predominant oxygen-consuming organelles to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation in cells, their responses, through structural or molecular modifications, to limited oxygen supply play an important role in the overall functional adaptation to hypoxia. Here, we report the adaptive mitochondrial ultrastructural modifications and the functional impacts in a recently generated hypoxia-adapted Drosophila melanogaster strain that survives severe, otherwise lethal, hypoxic conditions. Using electron tomography, we discovered increased mitochondrial volume density and cristae abundance, yet also cristae fragmentation and a unique honeycomb-like structure in the mitochondria of hypoxia-adapted flies. The homeostatic levels of adenylate and energy charge were similar between hypoxia-adapted and naïve control flies and the hypoxia-adapted flies remained active under severe hypoxia as quantified by negative geotaxis behavior. The equilibrium ATP level was lower in hypoxia-adapted flies than those of the naïve controls tested under severe hypoxia that inhibited the motion of control flies. Our results suggest that the structural rearrangement in the mitochondria of hypoxia-adapted flies may be an important adaptive mechanism that plays a critical role in preserving adenylate homeostasis and metabolism as well as muscle function under chronic hypoxic conditions.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2012
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3446896/
_version_	1611910326664560640

Ultrastructural Modifications in the Mitochondria of Hypoxia-Adapted Drosophila melanogaster

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