Salmonella “Sops” Up a Preferred Electron Receptor in the Inflamed Intestine

The microbiota of the mammalian intestinal tract represents a formidable barrier to colonization by pathogens. To overcome this resistance to colonization, bacterial pathogens use virulence factors to induce intestinal inflammation, which liberates nutrients for selective use by the infecting microb...

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Main Authors:	Bliska, James B., van der Velden, Adrianus W. M.
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	American Society of Microbiology 2012
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3419527/

id	pubmed-3419527
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-34195272012-08-17 Salmonella “Sops” Up a Preferred Electron Receptor in the Inflamed Intestine Bliska, James B. van der Velden, Adrianus W. M. Commentary The microbiota of the mammalian intestinal tract represents a formidable barrier to colonization by pathogens. To overcome this resistance to colonization, bacterial pathogens use virulence factors to induce intestinal inflammation, which liberates nutrients for selective use by the infecting microbe. Studies of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection in a streptomycin-treated mouse colitis model show how virulence factor-induced inflammation can produce nutrients used selectively by the pathogen. Type III secreted effectors of invading S. Typhimurium induce inflammation in the intestine (epithelial cells and lamina propria macrophages) that causes changes in the composition of the lumen. For example, neutrophils entering the intestine produce superoxide, resulting in production of tetrathionate, which S. Typhimurium in the lumen uses as an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration. In their recent study, Lopez et al. demonstrate that S. Typhimurium strains that are lysogenized with a phage encoding type III effector SopE induce the host to produce nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) in the intestine (C. A. Lopez et al., mBio 3:e00143-12, 2012). Nitric oxide is converted to a highly favorable electron acceptor, nitrate. As a result, growth of sopE+ S. Typhimurium in the intestine lumen is boosted by nitrate respiration. This is a striking example of how acquisition of a virulence factor by horizontal gene transfer can increase the metabolic fitness of a pathogen. Interestingly, survival of the invading bacteria is probably decreased as a result of the SopE-induced immune response, and yet the S. Typhimurium bacteria that multiply in the lumen of the intestine can efficiently disseminate to another host, ensuring success for the pathogen. American Society of Microbiology 2012-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3419527/ /pubmed/22893385 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00226-12 Text en Copyright © 2012 Bliska and van der Velden. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/) , which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Bliska, James B. van der Velden, Adrianus W. M.
spellingShingle	Bliska, James B. van der Velden, Adrianus W. M. Salmonella “Sops” Up a Preferred Electron Receptor in the Inflamed Intestine
author_facet	Bliska, James B. van der Velden, Adrianus W. M.
author_sort	Bliska, James B.
title	Salmonella “Sops” Up a Preferred Electron Receptor in the Inflamed Intestine
title_short	Salmonella “Sops” Up a Preferred Electron Receptor in the Inflamed Intestine
title_full	Salmonella “Sops” Up a Preferred Electron Receptor in the Inflamed Intestine
title_fullStr	Salmonella “Sops” Up a Preferred Electron Receptor in the Inflamed Intestine
title_full_unstemmed	Salmonella “Sops” Up a Preferred Electron Receptor in the Inflamed Intestine
title_sort	salmonella “sops” up a preferred electron receptor in the inflamed intestine
description	The microbiota of the mammalian intestinal tract represents a formidable barrier to colonization by pathogens. To overcome this resistance to colonization, bacterial pathogens use virulence factors to induce intestinal inflammation, which liberates nutrients for selective use by the infecting microbe. Studies of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection in a streptomycin-treated mouse colitis model show how virulence factor-induced inflammation can produce nutrients used selectively by the pathogen. Type III secreted effectors of invading S. Typhimurium induce inflammation in the intestine (epithelial cells and lamina propria macrophages) that causes changes in the composition of the lumen. For example, neutrophils entering the intestine produce superoxide, resulting in production of tetrathionate, which S. Typhimurium in the lumen uses as an electron acceptor for anaerobic respiration. In their recent study, Lopez et al. demonstrate that S. Typhimurium strains that are lysogenized with a phage encoding type III effector SopE induce the host to produce nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) in the intestine (C. A. Lopez et al., mBio 3:e00143-12, 2012). Nitric oxide is converted to a highly favorable electron acceptor, nitrate. As a result, growth of sopE+ S. Typhimurium in the intestine lumen is boosted by nitrate respiration. This is a striking example of how acquisition of a virulence factor by horizontal gene transfer can increase the metabolic fitness of a pathogen. Interestingly, survival of the invading bacteria is probably decreased as a result of the SopE-induced immune response, and yet the S. Typhimurium bacteria that multiply in the lumen of the intestine can efficiently disseminate to another host, ensuring success for the pathogen.
publisher	American Society of Microbiology
publishDate	2012
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3419527/
_version_	1611549815438573568

Salmonella “Sops” Up a Preferred Electron Receptor in the Inflamed Intestine

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