The Likelihood of Extinction of Iconic and Dominant Herbivores and Detritivores of Coral Reefs: The Parrotfishes and Surgeonfishes
Parrotfishes and surgeonfishes perform important functional roles in the dynamics of coral reef systems. This is a consequence of their varied feeding behaviors ranging from targeted consumption of living plant material (primarily surgeonfishes) to feeding on detrital aggregates that are either scra...
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Public Library of Science
2012
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3394754/ |
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pubmed-33947542012-07-17 The Likelihood of Extinction of Iconic and Dominant Herbivores and Detritivores of Coral Reefs: The Parrotfishes and Surgeonfishes Comeros-Raynal, Mia T. Choat, John Howard Polidoro, Beth A. Clements, Kendall D. Abesamis, Rene Craig, Matthew T. Lazuardi, Muhammad Erdi McIlwain, Jennifer Muljadi, Andreas Myers, Robert F. Nañola, Cleto L. Pardede, Shinta Rocha, Luiz A. Russell, Barry Sanciangco, Jonnell C. Stockwell, Brian Harwell, Heather Carpenter, Kent E. Research Article Parrotfishes and surgeonfishes perform important functional roles in the dynamics of coral reef systems. This is a consequence of their varied feeding behaviors ranging from targeted consumption of living plant material (primarily surgeonfishes) to feeding on detrital aggregates that are either scraped from the reef surface or excavated from the deeper reef substratum (primarily parrotfishes). Increased fishing pressure and widespread habitat destruction have led to population declines for several species of these two groups. Species-specific data on global distribution, population status, life history characteristics, and major threats were compiled for each of the 179 known species of parrotfishes and surgeonfishes to determine the likelihood of extinction of each species under the Categories and Criteria of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Due in part to the extensive distributions of most species and the life history traits exhibited in these two families, only three (1.7%) of the species are listed at an elevated risk of global extinction. The majority of the parrotfishes and surgeonfishes (86%) are listed as Least Concern, 10% are listed as Data Deficient and 1% are listed as Near Threatened. The risk of localized extinction, however, is higher in some areas, particularly in the Coral Triangle region. The relatively low proportion of species globally listed in threatened Categories is highly encouraging, and some conservation successes are attributed to concentrated conservation efforts. However, with the growing realization of man's profound impact on the planet, conservation actions such as improved marine reserve networks, more stringent fishing regulations, and continued monitoring of the population status at the species and community levels are imperative for the prevention of species loss in these groups of important and iconic coral reef fishes. Public Library of Science 2012-07-11 /pmc/articles/PMC3394754/ /pubmed/22808066 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0039825 Text en Comeros-Raynal et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
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Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
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NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Comeros-Raynal, Mia T. Choat, John Howard Polidoro, Beth A. Clements, Kendall D. Abesamis, Rene Craig, Matthew T. Lazuardi, Muhammad Erdi McIlwain, Jennifer Muljadi, Andreas Myers, Robert F. Nañola, Cleto L. Pardede, Shinta Rocha, Luiz A. Russell, Barry Sanciangco, Jonnell C. Stockwell, Brian Harwell, Heather Carpenter, Kent E. |
| spellingShingle |
Comeros-Raynal, Mia T. Choat, John Howard Polidoro, Beth A. Clements, Kendall D. Abesamis, Rene Craig, Matthew T. Lazuardi, Muhammad Erdi McIlwain, Jennifer Muljadi, Andreas Myers, Robert F. Nañola, Cleto L. Pardede, Shinta Rocha, Luiz A. Russell, Barry Sanciangco, Jonnell C. Stockwell, Brian Harwell, Heather Carpenter, Kent E. The Likelihood of Extinction of Iconic and Dominant Herbivores and Detritivores of Coral Reefs: The Parrotfishes and Surgeonfishes |
| author_facet |
Comeros-Raynal, Mia T. Choat, John Howard Polidoro, Beth A. Clements, Kendall D. Abesamis, Rene Craig, Matthew T. Lazuardi, Muhammad Erdi McIlwain, Jennifer Muljadi, Andreas Myers, Robert F. Nañola, Cleto L. Pardede, Shinta Rocha, Luiz A. Russell, Barry Sanciangco, Jonnell C. Stockwell, Brian Harwell, Heather Carpenter, Kent E. |
| author_sort |
Comeros-Raynal, Mia T. |
| title |
The Likelihood of Extinction of Iconic and Dominant Herbivores and Detritivores of Coral Reefs: The Parrotfishes and Surgeonfishes |
| title_short |
The Likelihood of Extinction of Iconic and Dominant Herbivores and Detritivores of Coral Reefs: The Parrotfishes and Surgeonfishes |
| title_full |
The Likelihood of Extinction of Iconic and Dominant Herbivores and Detritivores of Coral Reefs: The Parrotfishes and Surgeonfishes |
| title_fullStr |
The Likelihood of Extinction of Iconic and Dominant Herbivores and Detritivores of Coral Reefs: The Parrotfishes and Surgeonfishes |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Likelihood of Extinction of Iconic and Dominant Herbivores and Detritivores of Coral Reefs: The Parrotfishes and Surgeonfishes |
| title_sort |
likelihood of extinction of iconic and dominant herbivores and detritivores of coral reefs: the parrotfishes and surgeonfishes |
| description |
Parrotfishes and surgeonfishes perform important functional roles in the dynamics of coral reef systems. This is a consequence of their varied feeding behaviors ranging from targeted consumption of living plant material (primarily surgeonfishes) to feeding on detrital aggregates that are either scraped from the reef surface or excavated from the deeper reef substratum (primarily parrotfishes). Increased fishing pressure and widespread habitat destruction have led to population declines for several species of these two groups. Species-specific data on global distribution, population status, life history characteristics, and major threats were compiled for each of the 179 known species of parrotfishes and surgeonfishes to determine the likelihood of extinction of each species under the Categories and Criteria of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Due in part to the extensive distributions of most species and the life history traits exhibited in these two families, only three (1.7%) of the species are listed at an elevated risk of global extinction. The majority of the parrotfishes and surgeonfishes (86%) are listed as Least Concern, 10% are listed as Data Deficient and 1% are listed as Near Threatened. The risk of localized extinction, however, is higher in some areas, particularly in the Coral Triangle region. The relatively low proportion of species globally listed in threatened Categories is highly encouraging, and some conservation successes are attributed to concentrated conservation efforts. However, with the growing realization of man's profound impact on the planet, conservation actions such as improved marine reserve networks, more stringent fishing regulations, and continued monitoring of the population status at the species and community levels are imperative for the prevention of species loss in these groups of important and iconic coral reef fishes. |
| publisher |
Public Library of Science |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3394754/ |
| _version_ |
1611542477113655296 |