Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics for Metabolic Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of deaths in adults in the western world. Elevated levels of certain blood lipids have been reported to be the principal cause of cardiovascular disease and other disabilities in developed countries. Several animal and clinical trials have shown a...

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Main Authors:	Kumar, Manoj, Nagpal, Ravinder, Kumar, Rajesh, Hemalatha, R., Verma, Vinod, Kumar, Ashok, Chakraborty, Chaitali, Singh, Birbal, Marotta, Francesco, Jain, Shalini, Yadav, Hariom
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3352670/

id	pubmed-3352670
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-33526702012-05-18 Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics for Metabolic Diseases Kumar, Manoj Nagpal, Ravinder Kumar, Rajesh Hemalatha, R. Verma, Vinod Kumar, Ashok Chakraborty, Chaitali Singh, Birbal Marotta, Francesco Jain, Shalini Yadav, Hariom Review Article Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of deaths in adults in the western world. Elevated levels of certain blood lipids have been reported to be the principal cause of cardiovascular disease and other disabilities in developed countries. Several animal and clinical trials have shown a positive association between cholesterol levels and the risks of coronary heart disease. Current dietary strategies for the prevention of cardiovascular disease advocate adherence to low-fat/low-saturated-fat diets. Although there is no doubt that, in experimental conditions, low-fat diets offer an effective means of reducing blood cholesterol concentrations on a population basis, these appear to be less effective, largely due to poor compliance, attributed to low palatability and acceptability of these diets to the consumers. Due to the low consumer compliance, attempts have been made to identify other dietary components that can reduce blood cholesterol levels. Supplementation of diet with fermented dairy products or lactic acid bacteria containing dairy products has shown the potential to reduce serum cholesterol levels. Various approaches have been used to alleviate this issue, including the use of probiotics, especially Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.. Probiotics, the living microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host when administered in adequate amounts, have received much attention on their proclaimed health benefits which include improvement in lactose intolerance, increase in natural resistance to infectious disease in gastrointestinal tract, suppression of cancer, antidiabetic, reduction in serum cholesterol level, and improved digestion. In addition, there are numerous reports on cholesterol removal ability of probiotics and their hypocholesterolemic effects. Several possible mechanisms for cholesterol removal by probiotics are assimilation of cholesterol by growing cells, binding of cholesterol to cellular surface, incorporation of cholesterol into the cellular membrane, deconjugation of bile via bile salt hydrolase, coprecipitation of cholesterol with deconjugated bile, binding action of bile by fibre, and production of short-chain fatty acids by oligosaccharides. The present paper reviews the mechanisms of action of anti-cholesterolemic potential of probiotic microorganisms and probiotic food products, with the aim of lowering the risks of cardiovascular and coronary heart diseases. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2012 2012-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC3352670/ /pubmed/22611376 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/902917 Text en Copyright © 2012 Manoj Kumar et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Kumar, Manoj Nagpal, Ravinder Kumar, Rajesh Hemalatha, R. Verma, Vinod Kumar, Ashok Chakraborty, Chaitali Singh, Birbal Marotta, Francesco Jain, Shalini Yadav, Hariom
spellingShingle	Kumar, Manoj Nagpal, Ravinder Kumar, Rajesh Hemalatha, R. Verma, Vinod Kumar, Ashok Chakraborty, Chaitali Singh, Birbal Marotta, Francesco Jain, Shalini Yadav, Hariom Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics for Metabolic Diseases
author_facet	Kumar, Manoj Nagpal, Ravinder Kumar, Rajesh Hemalatha, R. Verma, Vinod Kumar, Ashok Chakraborty, Chaitali Singh, Birbal Marotta, Francesco Jain, Shalini Yadav, Hariom
author_sort	Kumar, Manoj
title	Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics for Metabolic Diseases
title_short	Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics for Metabolic Diseases
title_full	Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics for Metabolic Diseases
title_fullStr	Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics for Metabolic Diseases
title_full_unstemmed	Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics for Metabolic Diseases
title_sort	cholesterol-lowering probiotics as potential biotherapeutics for metabolic diseases
description	Cardiovascular diseases are one of the major causes of deaths in adults in the western world. Elevated levels of certain blood lipids have been reported to be the principal cause of cardiovascular disease and other disabilities in developed countries. Several animal and clinical trials have shown a positive association between cholesterol levels and the risks of coronary heart disease. Current dietary strategies for the prevention of cardiovascular disease advocate adherence to low-fat/low-saturated-fat diets. Although there is no doubt that, in experimental conditions, low-fat diets offer an effective means of reducing blood cholesterol concentrations on a population basis, these appear to be less effective, largely due to poor compliance, attributed to low palatability and acceptability of these diets to the consumers. Due to the low consumer compliance, attempts have been made to identify other dietary components that can reduce blood cholesterol levels. Supplementation of diet with fermented dairy products or lactic acid bacteria containing dairy products has shown the potential to reduce serum cholesterol levels. Various approaches have been used to alleviate this issue, including the use of probiotics, especially Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp.. Probiotics, the living microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host when administered in adequate amounts, have received much attention on their proclaimed health benefits which include improvement in lactose intolerance, increase in natural resistance to infectious disease in gastrointestinal tract, suppression of cancer, antidiabetic, reduction in serum cholesterol level, and improved digestion. In addition, there are numerous reports on cholesterol removal ability of probiotics and their hypocholesterolemic effects. Several possible mechanisms for cholesterol removal by probiotics are assimilation of cholesterol by growing cells, binding of cholesterol to cellular surface, incorporation of cholesterol into the cellular membrane, deconjugation of bile via bile salt hydrolase, coprecipitation of cholesterol with deconjugated bile, binding action of bile by fibre, and production of short-chain fatty acids by oligosaccharides. The present paper reviews the mechanisms of action of anti-cholesterolemic potential of probiotic microorganisms and probiotic food products, with the aim of lowering the risks of cardiovascular and coronary heart diseases.
publisher	Hindawi Publishing Corporation
publishDate	2012
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3352670/
_version_	1611529839515271168

Cholesterol-Lowering Probiotics as Potential Biotherapeutics for Metabolic Diseases

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