Investigations into the Toxicology of Spirolides, a Group of Marine Phycotoxins
Spirolides are marine phycotoxins produced by the dinoflagellates Alexandrium ostenfeldii and A. peruvianum. Here we report that 13-desmethyl spirolide C shows little cytotoxicity when incubated with various cultured mammalian cell lines. When administered to mice by intraperitoneal (ip) injection,...
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| Format: | Online |
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MDPI
2011
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277094/ |
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pubmed-32770942012-02-15 Investigations into the Toxicology of Spirolides, a Group of Marine Phycotoxins Munday, Rex Quilliam, Michael A. LeBlanc, Patricia Lewis, Nancy Gallant, Pamela Sperker, Sandra A. Ewart, H. Stephen MacKinnon, Shawna L. Article Spirolides are marine phycotoxins produced by the dinoflagellates Alexandrium ostenfeldii and A. peruvianum. Here we report that 13-desmethyl spirolide C shows little cytotoxicity when incubated with various cultured mammalian cell lines. When administered to mice by intraperitoneal (ip) injection, however, this substance was highly toxic, with an LD50 value of 6.9 µg/kg body weight (BW), showing that such in vitro cytotoxicity tests are not appropriate for predicting the in vivo toxicity of this toxin. Four other spirolides, A, B, C, and 20-methyl spirolide G, were also toxic to mice by ip injection, with LD50 values of 37, 99, 8.0 and 8.0 µg/kg BW respectively. However, the acute toxicities of these compounds were lower by at least an order of magnitude when administration by gavage and their toxic effects were further diminished when administered with food. These results have implications for future studies of the toxicology of these marine toxins and the risk assessment of human exposure. MDPI 2011-12-30 /pmc/articles/PMC3277094/ /pubmed/22347619 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins4010001 Text en © 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Munday, Rex Quilliam, Michael A. LeBlanc, Patricia Lewis, Nancy Gallant, Pamela Sperker, Sandra A. Ewart, H. Stephen MacKinnon, Shawna L. |
| spellingShingle |
Munday, Rex Quilliam, Michael A. LeBlanc, Patricia Lewis, Nancy Gallant, Pamela Sperker, Sandra A. Ewart, H. Stephen MacKinnon, Shawna L. Investigations into the Toxicology of Spirolides, a Group of Marine Phycotoxins |
| author_facet |
Munday, Rex Quilliam, Michael A. LeBlanc, Patricia Lewis, Nancy Gallant, Pamela Sperker, Sandra A. Ewart, H. Stephen MacKinnon, Shawna L. |
| author_sort |
Munday, Rex |
| title |
Investigations into the Toxicology of Spirolides, a Group of Marine Phycotoxins |
| title_short |
Investigations into the Toxicology of Spirolides, a Group of Marine Phycotoxins |
| title_full |
Investigations into the Toxicology of Spirolides, a Group of Marine Phycotoxins |
| title_fullStr |
Investigations into the Toxicology of Spirolides, a Group of Marine Phycotoxins |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Investigations into the Toxicology of Spirolides, a Group of Marine Phycotoxins |
| title_sort |
investigations into the toxicology of spirolides, a group of marine phycotoxins |
| description |
Spirolides are marine phycotoxins produced by the dinoflagellates Alexandrium ostenfeldii and A. peruvianum. Here we report that 13-desmethyl spirolide C shows little cytotoxicity when incubated with various cultured mammalian cell lines. When administered to mice by intraperitoneal (ip) injection, however, this substance was highly toxic, with an LD50 value of 6.9 µg/kg body weight (BW), showing that such in vitro cytotoxicity tests are not appropriate for predicting the in vivo toxicity of this toxin. Four other spirolides, A, B, C, and 20-methyl spirolide G, were also toxic to mice by ip injection, with LD50 values of 37, 99, 8.0 and 8.0 µg/kg BW respectively. However, the acute toxicities of these compounds were lower by at least an order of magnitude when administration by gavage and their toxic effects were further diminished when administered with food. These results have implications for future studies of the toxicology of these marine toxins and the risk assessment of human exposure. |
| publisher |
MDPI |
| publishDate |
2011 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3277094/ |
| _version_ |
1611505450985979904 |