Immunogenetic Mechanisms Leading to Thyroid Autoimmunity: Recent Advances in Identifying Susceptibility Genes and Regions

The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) include Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), which are characterised by a breakdown in immune tolerance to thyroid antigens. Unravelling the genetic architecture of AITD is vital to better understanding of AITD pathogenesis, required to advanc...

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Main Authors:	Brand, Oliver J, Gough, Stephen C.L
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Bentham Science Publishers 2011
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3271307/

id	pubmed-3271307
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-32713072012-06-01 Immunogenetic Mechanisms Leading to Thyroid Autoimmunity: Recent Advances in Identifying Susceptibility Genes and Regions Brand, Oliver J Gough, Stephen C.L Article The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) include Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), which are characterised by a breakdown in immune tolerance to thyroid antigens. Unravelling the genetic architecture of AITD is vital to better understanding of AITD pathogenesis, required to advance therapeutic options in both disease management and prevention. The early whole-genome linkage and candidate gene association studies provided the first evidence that the HLA region and CTLA-4 represented AITD risk loci. Recent improvements in; high throughput genotyping technologies, collection of larger disease cohorts and cataloguing of genome-scale variation have facilitated genome-wide association studies and more thorough screening of candidate gene regions. This has allowed identification of many novel AITD risk genes and more detailed association mapping. The growing number of confirmed AITD susceptibility loci, implicates a number of putative disease mechanisms most of which are tightly linked with aspects of immune system function. The unprecedented advances in genetic study will allow future studies to identify further novel disease risk genes and to identify aetiological variants within specific gene regions, which will undoubtedly lead to a better understanding of AITD patho-physiology. Bentham Science Publishers 2011-12 2011-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3271307/ /pubmed/22654554 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920211798120790 Text en ©2011 Bentham Science Publishers http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/), which permits unrestrictive use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Brand, Oliver J Gough, Stephen C.L
spellingShingle	Brand, Oliver J Gough, Stephen C.L Immunogenetic Mechanisms Leading to Thyroid Autoimmunity: Recent Advances in Identifying Susceptibility Genes and Regions
author_facet	Brand, Oliver J Gough, Stephen C.L
author_sort	Brand, Oliver J
title	Immunogenetic Mechanisms Leading to Thyroid Autoimmunity: Recent Advances in Identifying Susceptibility Genes and Regions
title_short	Immunogenetic Mechanisms Leading to Thyroid Autoimmunity: Recent Advances in Identifying Susceptibility Genes and Regions
title_full	Immunogenetic Mechanisms Leading to Thyroid Autoimmunity: Recent Advances in Identifying Susceptibility Genes and Regions
title_fullStr	Immunogenetic Mechanisms Leading to Thyroid Autoimmunity: Recent Advances in Identifying Susceptibility Genes and Regions
title_full_unstemmed	Immunogenetic Mechanisms Leading to Thyroid Autoimmunity: Recent Advances in Identifying Susceptibility Genes and Regions
title_sort	immunogenetic mechanisms leading to thyroid autoimmunity: recent advances in identifying susceptibility genes and regions
description	The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) include Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), which are characterised by a breakdown in immune tolerance to thyroid antigens. Unravelling the genetic architecture of AITD is vital to better understanding of AITD pathogenesis, required to advance therapeutic options in both disease management and prevention. The early whole-genome linkage and candidate gene association studies provided the first evidence that the HLA region and CTLA-4 represented AITD risk loci. Recent improvements in; high throughput genotyping technologies, collection of larger disease cohorts and cataloguing of genome-scale variation have facilitated genome-wide association studies and more thorough screening of candidate gene regions. This has allowed identification of many novel AITD risk genes and more detailed association mapping. The growing number of confirmed AITD susceptibility loci, implicates a number of putative disease mechanisms most of which are tightly linked with aspects of immune system function. The unprecedented advances in genetic study will allow future studies to identify further novel disease risk genes and to identify aetiological variants within specific gene regions, which will undoubtedly lead to a better understanding of AITD patho-physiology.
publisher	Bentham Science Publishers
publishDate	2011
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3271307/
_version_	1611503513833046016

Immunogenetic Mechanisms Leading to Thyroid Autoimmunity: Recent Advances in Identifying Susceptibility Genes and Regions

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