Detection of a Fourth Orbivirus Non-Structural Protein

The genus Orbivirus includes both insect and tick-borne viruses. The orbivirus genome, composed of 10 segments of dsRNA, encodes 7 structural proteins (VP1–VP7) and 3 non-structural proteins (NS1–NS3). An open reading frame (ORF) that spans almost the entire length of genome segment-9 (Seg-9) encode...

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Main Authors:	Belhouchet, Mourad, Mohd Jaafar, Fauziah, Firth, Andrew E., Grimes, Jonathan M., Mertens, Peter P. C., Attoui, Houssam
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2011
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3192121/

id	pubmed-3192121
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-31921212011-10-21 Detection of a Fourth Orbivirus Non-Structural Protein Belhouchet, Mourad Mohd Jaafar, Fauziah Firth, Andrew E. Grimes, Jonathan M. Mertens, Peter P. C. Attoui, Houssam Research Article The genus Orbivirus includes both insect and tick-borne viruses. The orbivirus genome, composed of 10 segments of dsRNA, encodes 7 structural proteins (VP1–VP7) and 3 non-structural proteins (NS1–NS3). An open reading frame (ORF) that spans almost the entire length of genome segment-9 (Seg-9) encodes VP6 (the viral helicase). However, bioinformatic analysis recently identified an overlapping ORF (ORFX) in Seg-9. We show that ORFX encodes a new non-structural protein, identified here as NS4. Western blotting and confocal fluorescence microscopy, using antibodies raised against recombinant NS4 from Bluetongue virus (BTV, which is insect-borne), or Great Island virus (GIV, which is tick-borne), demonstrate that these proteins are synthesised in BTV or GIV infected mammalian cells, respectively. BTV NS4 is also expressed in Culicoides insect cells. NS4 forms aggregates throughout the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus, consistent with identification of nuclear localisation signals within the NS4 sequence. Bioinformatic analyses indicate that NS4 contains coiled-coils, is related to proteins that bind nucleic acids, or are associated with membranes and shows similarities to nucleolar protein UTP20 (a processome subunit). Recombinant NS4 of GIV protects dsRNA from degradation by endoribonucleases of the RNAse III family, indicating that it interacts with dsRNA. However, BTV NS4, which is only half the putative size of the GIV NS4, did not protect dsRNA from RNAse III cleavage. NS4 of both GIV and BTV protect DNA from degradation by DNAse. NS4 was found to associate with lipid droplets in cells infected with BTV or GIV or transfected with a plasmid expressing NS4. Public Library of Science 2011-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3192121/ /pubmed/22022432 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025697 Text en Belhouchet et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Belhouchet, Mourad Mohd Jaafar, Fauziah Firth, Andrew E. Grimes, Jonathan M. Mertens, Peter P. C. Attoui, Houssam
spellingShingle	Belhouchet, Mourad Mohd Jaafar, Fauziah Firth, Andrew E. Grimes, Jonathan M. Mertens, Peter P. C. Attoui, Houssam Detection of a Fourth Orbivirus Non-Structural Protein
author_facet	Belhouchet, Mourad Mohd Jaafar, Fauziah Firth, Andrew E. Grimes, Jonathan M. Mertens, Peter P. C. Attoui, Houssam
author_sort	Belhouchet, Mourad
title	Detection of a Fourth Orbivirus Non-Structural Protein
title_short	Detection of a Fourth Orbivirus Non-Structural Protein
title_full	Detection of a Fourth Orbivirus Non-Structural Protein
title_fullStr	Detection of a Fourth Orbivirus Non-Structural Protein
title_full_unstemmed	Detection of a Fourth Orbivirus Non-Structural Protein
title_sort	detection of a fourth orbivirus non-structural protein
description	The genus Orbivirus includes both insect and tick-borne viruses. The orbivirus genome, composed of 10 segments of dsRNA, encodes 7 structural proteins (VP1–VP7) and 3 non-structural proteins (NS1–NS3). An open reading frame (ORF) that spans almost the entire length of genome segment-9 (Seg-9) encodes VP6 (the viral helicase). However, bioinformatic analysis recently identified an overlapping ORF (ORFX) in Seg-9. We show that ORFX encodes a new non-structural protein, identified here as NS4. Western blotting and confocal fluorescence microscopy, using antibodies raised against recombinant NS4 from Bluetongue virus (BTV, which is insect-borne), or Great Island virus (GIV, which is tick-borne), demonstrate that these proteins are synthesised in BTV or GIV infected mammalian cells, respectively. BTV NS4 is also expressed in Culicoides insect cells. NS4 forms aggregates throughout the cytoplasm as well as in the nucleus, consistent with identification of nuclear localisation signals within the NS4 sequence. Bioinformatic analyses indicate that NS4 contains coiled-coils, is related to proteins that bind nucleic acids, or are associated with membranes and shows similarities to nucleolar protein UTP20 (a processome subunit). Recombinant NS4 of GIV protects dsRNA from degradation by endoribonucleases of the RNAse III family, indicating that it interacts with dsRNA. However, BTV NS4, which is only half the putative size of the GIV NS4, did not protect dsRNA from RNAse III cleavage. NS4 of both GIV and BTV protect DNA from degradation by DNAse. NS4 was found to associate with lipid droplets in cells infected with BTV or GIV or transfected with a plasmid expressing NS4.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2011
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3192121/
_version_	1611480328123187200

Detection of a Fourth Orbivirus Non-Structural Protein

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