The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Asiatic Cavity-Nesting Honeybee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Asiatic Cavity-Nesting Honeybee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

In the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Apis cerana, the Asiatic cavity-nesting honeybee. We present here an analysis of features of its gene content and genome organization in comparison with Apis mellifera to assess the variation within the genus Apis...

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Main Authors: Tan, Hong-Wei, Liu, Guo-Hua, Dong, Xia, Lin, Rui-Qing, Song, Hui-Qun, Huang, Si-Yang, Yuan, Zi-Guo, Zhao, Guang-Hui, Zhu, Xing-Quan
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science 2011
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3155526/
id pubmed-3155526
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spelling pubmed-31555262011-08-19 The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Asiatic Cavity-Nesting Honeybee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Tan, Hong-Wei Liu, Guo-Hua Dong, Xia Lin, Rui-Qing Song, Hui-Qun Huang, Si-Yang Yuan, Zi-Guo Zhao, Guang-Hui Zhu, Xing-Quan Research Article In the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Apis cerana, the Asiatic cavity-nesting honeybee. We present here an analysis of features of its gene content and genome organization in comparison with Apis mellifera to assess the variation within the genus Apis and among main groups of Hymenoptera. The size of the entire mt genome of A. cerana is 15,895 bp, containing 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and one control region. These genes are transcribed from both strands and have a nucleotide composition high in A and T. The contents of A+T of the complete genomes are 83.96% for A. cerana. The AT bias had a significant effect on both the codon usage pattern and amino acid composition of proteins. There are a total of 3672 codons in all 13 protein-coding genes, excluding termination codons. The most frequently used amino acid is Leu (15.52%), followed by Ile (12.85%), Phe (10.10%), Ser (9.15%) and Met (8.96%). Intergenic regions in the mt genome of A. cerana are 705 bp in total. The order and orientation of the gene arrangement pattern is identical to that of A. mellifera, except for the position of the tRNA-Ser(AGN) gene. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of 13 protein-coding genes, with three different computational algorithms (NJ, MP and ML), all revealed two distinct groups with high statistical support, indicating that A. cerana and A. mellifera are two separate species, consistent with results of previous morphological and molecular studies. The complete mtDNA sequence of A. cerana provides additional genetic markers for studying population genetics, systematics and phylogeographics of honeybees. Public Library of Science 2011-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC3155526/ /pubmed/21857981 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0023008 Text en Tan et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type Open Access Journal
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building NCBI PubMed
collection Online Access
language English
format Online
author Tan, Hong-Wei
Liu, Guo-Hua
Dong, Xia
Lin, Rui-Qing
Song, Hui-Qun
Huang, Si-Yang
Yuan, Zi-Guo
Zhao, Guang-Hui
Zhu, Xing-Quan
spellingShingle Tan, Hong-Wei
Liu, Guo-Hua
Dong, Xia
Lin, Rui-Qing
Song, Hui-Qun
Huang, Si-Yang
Yuan, Zi-Guo
Zhao, Guang-Hui
Zhu, Xing-Quan
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Asiatic Cavity-Nesting Honeybee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
author_facet Tan, Hong-Wei
Liu, Guo-Hua
Dong, Xia
Lin, Rui-Qing
Song, Hui-Qun
Huang, Si-Yang
Yuan, Zi-Guo
Zhao, Guang-Hui
Zhu, Xing-Quan
author_sort Tan, Hong-Wei
title The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Asiatic Cavity-Nesting Honeybee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
title_short The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Asiatic Cavity-Nesting Honeybee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
title_full The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Asiatic Cavity-Nesting Honeybee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
title_fullStr The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Asiatic Cavity-Nesting Honeybee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
title_full_unstemmed The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Asiatic Cavity-Nesting Honeybee Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
title_sort complete mitochondrial genome of the asiatic cavity-nesting honeybee apis cerana (hymenoptera: apidae)
description In the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Apis cerana, the Asiatic cavity-nesting honeybee. We present here an analysis of features of its gene content and genome organization in comparison with Apis mellifera to assess the variation within the genus Apis and among main groups of Hymenoptera. The size of the entire mt genome of A. cerana is 15,895 bp, containing 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and one control region. These genes are transcribed from both strands and have a nucleotide composition high in A and T. The contents of A+T of the complete genomes are 83.96% for A. cerana. The AT bias had a significant effect on both the codon usage pattern and amino acid composition of proteins. There are a total of 3672 codons in all 13 protein-coding genes, excluding termination codons. The most frequently used amino acid is Leu (15.52%), followed by Ile (12.85%), Phe (10.10%), Ser (9.15%) and Met (8.96%). Intergenic regions in the mt genome of A. cerana are 705 bp in total. The order and orientation of the gene arrangement pattern is identical to that of A. mellifera, except for the position of the tRNA-Ser(AGN) gene. Phylogenetic analyses using concatenated amino acid sequences of 13 protein-coding genes, with three different computational algorithms (NJ, MP and ML), all revealed two distinct groups with high statistical support, indicating that A. cerana and A. mellifera are two separate species, consistent with results of previous morphological and molecular studies. The complete mtDNA sequence of A. cerana provides additional genetic markers for studying population genetics, systematics and phylogeographics of honeybees.
publisher Public Library of Science
publishDate 2011
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3155526/
_version_ 1611470767176810496

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