Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is the least understood, yet perhaps the most prevalent manifestation of lupus. The pathogenesis of NPSLE is multifactorial and involves various inflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies, and immune complexes resulting in vasculopathic, cytotoxic a...
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Bentham Science Publishers
2011
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151599/ |
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pubmed-31515992012-03-01 Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Popescu, Alexandra Kao, Amy H Article Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is the least understood, yet perhaps the most prevalent manifestation of lupus. The pathogenesis of NPSLE is multifactorial and involves various inflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies, and immune complexes resulting in vasculopathic, cytotoxic and autoantibody-mediated neuronal injury. The management of NPSLE is multimodal and has not been subjected to rigorous study. Different treatment regimens include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticoagulation, and immunosuppressives such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and methotrexate. For refractory NPSLE, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasmapheresis, and rituximab have been used. Adjunctive symptomatic treatment complements these therapies by targeting mood disorders, psychosis, cognitive impairment, seizures or headaches. Several new biological agents are being tested including Belimumab, a human monoclonal antibody that targets B lymphocyte stimulator. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, treatment, and new potential therapies for neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Bentham Science Publishers 2011-09 /pmc/articles/PMC3151599/ /pubmed/22379459 http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157015911796557984 Text en ©2011 Bentham Science Publishers http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/), which permits unrestrictive use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| repository_type |
Open Access Journal |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
US National Center for Biotechnology Information |
| building |
NCBI PubMed |
| collection |
Online Access |
| language |
English |
| format |
Online |
| author |
Popescu, Alexandra Kao, Amy H |
| spellingShingle |
Popescu, Alexandra Kao, Amy H Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| author_facet |
Popescu, Alexandra Kao, Amy H |
| author_sort |
Popescu, Alexandra |
| title |
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_short |
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_full |
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_fullStr |
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus |
| title_sort |
neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus |
| description |
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is the least understood, yet perhaps the most prevalent manifestation of lupus. The pathogenesis of NPSLE is multifactorial and involves various inflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies, and immune complexes resulting in vasculopathic, cytotoxic and autoantibody-mediated neuronal injury. The management of NPSLE is multimodal and has not been subjected to rigorous study. Different treatment regimens include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anticoagulation, and immunosuppressives such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and methotrexate. For refractory NPSLE, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasmapheresis, and rituximab have been used. Adjunctive symptomatic treatment complements these therapies by targeting mood disorders, psychosis, cognitive impairment, seizures or headaches. Several new biological agents are being tested including Belimumab, a human monoclonal antibody that targets B lymphocyte stimulator. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, treatment, and new potential therapies for neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. |
| publisher |
Bentham Science Publishers |
| publishDate |
2011 |
| url |
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151599/ |
| _version_ |
1611469456859463680 |