Natural Variation in Petal Color in Lycoris longituba Revealed by Anthocyanin Components

Lycoris longituba is one of the species belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family. Despite its limited distribution, endemic to central eastern China, this species displays an exceptionally wide diversity of flower colors from purple, red, orange, to yellow, in nature. We study the natural variation o...

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Main Authors:	He, Qiuling, Shen, Ye, Wang, Mingxiu, Huang, Minren, Yang, Ruizhen, Zhu, Shuijin, Wang, Liangsheng, Xu, Yanjun, Wu, Rongling
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Public Library of Science 2011
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150325/

id	pubmed-3150325
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-31503252011-08-09 Natural Variation in Petal Color in Lycoris longituba Revealed by Anthocyanin Components He, Qiuling Shen, Ye Wang, Mingxiu Huang, Minren Yang, Ruizhen Zhu, Shuijin Wang, Liangsheng Xu, Yanjun Wu, Rongling Research Article Lycoris longituba is one of the species belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family. Despite its limited distribution, endemic to central eastern China, this species displays an exceptionally wide diversity of flower colors from purple, red, orange, to yellow, in nature. We study the natural variation of floral color in L. longituba by testing the components of water-soluble vacuolar pigments – anthocyanins – in its petals using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Four anthocyanins were identified, cyanidin-3-sophoroside (Cy3So), cyanidin-3-xylosylglucoside (Cy3XyGlc), cyanidin-3-sambubioside (Cy3Sa), and pelargonidin-3-xylosylglucoside (Pg3XyGlc), which occur at various amounts in L. longituba petals of different colors. A multivariate analysis was used to explore the relationship between pigments and flower color. Anthocyanins have been thought to play a major role in acting as a UV screen that protects the plant's DNA from sunlight damage and attracting insects for the purpose of pollination. Thus, knowledge about the content and type of anthocyanins determining the petal coloration of Lycoris longituba will help to study the adaptive evolution of flowers and provide useful information for the ornamental breeding of this species. Public Library of Science 2011-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC3150325/ /pubmed/21829604 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022098 Text en He et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	He, Qiuling Shen, Ye Wang, Mingxiu Huang, Minren Yang, Ruizhen Zhu, Shuijin Wang, Liangsheng Xu, Yanjun Wu, Rongling
spellingShingle	He, Qiuling Shen, Ye Wang, Mingxiu Huang, Minren Yang, Ruizhen Zhu, Shuijin Wang, Liangsheng Xu, Yanjun Wu, Rongling Natural Variation in Petal Color in Lycoris longituba Revealed by Anthocyanin Components
author_facet	He, Qiuling Shen, Ye Wang, Mingxiu Huang, Minren Yang, Ruizhen Zhu, Shuijin Wang, Liangsheng Xu, Yanjun Wu, Rongling
author_sort	He, Qiuling
title	Natural Variation in Petal Color in Lycoris longituba Revealed by Anthocyanin Components
title_short	Natural Variation in Petal Color in Lycoris longituba Revealed by Anthocyanin Components
title_full	Natural Variation in Petal Color in Lycoris longituba Revealed by Anthocyanin Components
title_fullStr	Natural Variation in Petal Color in Lycoris longituba Revealed by Anthocyanin Components
title_full_unstemmed	Natural Variation in Petal Color in Lycoris longituba Revealed by Anthocyanin Components
title_sort	natural variation in petal color in lycoris longituba revealed by anthocyanin components
description	Lycoris longituba is one of the species belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family. Despite its limited distribution, endemic to central eastern China, this species displays an exceptionally wide diversity of flower colors from purple, red, orange, to yellow, in nature. We study the natural variation of floral color in L. longituba by testing the components of water-soluble vacuolar pigments – anthocyanins – in its petals using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Four anthocyanins were identified, cyanidin-3-sophoroside (Cy3So), cyanidin-3-xylosylglucoside (Cy3XyGlc), cyanidin-3-sambubioside (Cy3Sa), and pelargonidin-3-xylosylglucoside (Pg3XyGlc), which occur at various amounts in L. longituba petals of different colors. A multivariate analysis was used to explore the relationship between pigments and flower color. Anthocyanins have been thought to play a major role in acting as a UV screen that protects the plant's DNA from sunlight damage and attracting insects for the purpose of pollination. Thus, knowledge about the content and type of anthocyanins determining the petal coloration of Lycoris longituba will help to study the adaptive evolution of flowers and provide useful information for the ornamental breeding of this species.
publisher	Public Library of Science
publishDate	2011
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150325/
_version_	1611469181279010816

Natural Variation in Petal Color in Lycoris longituba Revealed by Anthocyanin Components

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