Regulation of expression of starch synthesis genes by ethylene and ABA in relation to the development of rice inferior and superior spikelets

Later-flowering spikelets in a rice panicle, referred to as the inferior spikelets, are usually poorly filled and often limit the yield potential of some rice cultivars. The physiological and molecular mechanism for such poor grain filling remains unclear. In this study the differentially expressed...

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Main Authors:	Zhu, Guohui, Ye, Nenghui, Yang, Jianchang, Peng, Xinxiang, Zhang, Jianhua
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford University Press 2011
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3134347/

id	pubmed-3134347
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-31343472011-07-13 Regulation of expression of starch synthesis genes by ethylene and ABA in relation to the development of rice inferior and superior spikelets Zhu, Guohui Ye, Nenghui Yang, Jianchang Peng, Xinxiang Zhang, Jianhua Research Papers Later-flowering spikelets in a rice panicle, referred to as the inferior spikelets, are usually poorly filled and often limit the yield potential of some rice cultivars. The physiological and molecular mechanism for such poor grain filling remains unclear. In this study the differentially expressed genes in starch synthesis and hormone signalling between inferior and superior spikelets were comprehensively analysed and their relationships with grain filling was investigated. DNA microarray and real-time PCR analysis revealed that a group of starch metabolism-related genes showed enhanced expression profiles and had higher transcript levels in superior spikelets than in inferior ones at the early and middle grain-filling stages. Expression of the abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis genes, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (NCED1) and NCED5, and the ethylene synthesis genes, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 (ACO1) and ACO3, declined with development of the caryopses. Meanwhile, if compared with inferior spikelets, expression of these genes in superior spikelets decreased faster and had lower transcript profiles, especially for ethylene. ABA concentration and ethylene evolution rate showed similar trends to their gene expression. Exogenous supply of ABA reduced the sucrose synthase (SUS) mRNA level and its enzyme activity in detached rice grains, while exogenously supplied ethephon (an ethylene-releasing reagent) suppressed the expression of most starch synthesis genes; that is, SUS, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), and soluble starch synthase (SSS), and down-regulated their enzyme activities. In summary, it is concluded that the relatively high concentrations of ethylene and ABA in inferior spikelets suppress the expression of starch synthesis genes and their enzyme activities and consequently lead to a low grain-filling rate. Oxford University Press 2011-07 2011-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC3134347/ /pubmed/21459770 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err088 Text en © 2011 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper is available online free of all access charges (see http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/open_access.html for further details)
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Zhu, Guohui Ye, Nenghui Yang, Jianchang Peng, Xinxiang Zhang, Jianhua
spellingShingle	Zhu, Guohui Ye, Nenghui Yang, Jianchang Peng, Xinxiang Zhang, Jianhua Regulation of expression of starch synthesis genes by ethylene and ABA in relation to the development of rice inferior and superior spikelets
author_facet	Zhu, Guohui Ye, Nenghui Yang, Jianchang Peng, Xinxiang Zhang, Jianhua
author_sort	Zhu, Guohui
title	Regulation of expression of starch synthesis genes by ethylene and ABA in relation to the development of rice inferior and superior spikelets
title_short	Regulation of expression of starch synthesis genes by ethylene and ABA in relation to the development of rice inferior and superior spikelets
title_full	Regulation of expression of starch synthesis genes by ethylene and ABA in relation to the development of rice inferior and superior spikelets
title_fullStr	Regulation of expression of starch synthesis genes by ethylene and ABA in relation to the development of rice inferior and superior spikelets
title_full_unstemmed	Regulation of expression of starch synthesis genes by ethylene and ABA in relation to the development of rice inferior and superior spikelets
title_sort	regulation of expression of starch synthesis genes by ethylene and aba in relation to the development of rice inferior and superior spikelets
description	Later-flowering spikelets in a rice panicle, referred to as the inferior spikelets, are usually poorly filled and often limit the yield potential of some rice cultivars. The physiological and molecular mechanism for such poor grain filling remains unclear. In this study the differentially expressed genes in starch synthesis and hormone signalling between inferior and superior spikelets were comprehensively analysed and their relationships with grain filling was investigated. DNA microarray and real-time PCR analysis revealed that a group of starch metabolism-related genes showed enhanced expression profiles and had higher transcript levels in superior spikelets than in inferior ones at the early and middle grain-filling stages. Expression of the abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis genes, 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (NCED1) and NCED5, and the ethylene synthesis genes, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 (ACO1) and ACO3, declined with development of the caryopses. Meanwhile, if compared with inferior spikelets, expression of these genes in superior spikelets decreased faster and had lower transcript profiles, especially for ethylene. ABA concentration and ethylene evolution rate showed similar trends to their gene expression. Exogenous supply of ABA reduced the sucrose synthase (SUS) mRNA level and its enzyme activity in detached rice grains, while exogenously supplied ethephon (an ethylene-releasing reagent) suppressed the expression of most starch synthesis genes; that is, SUS, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), and soluble starch synthase (SSS), and down-regulated their enzyme activities. In summary, it is concluded that the relatively high concentrations of ethylene and ABA in inferior spikelets suppress the expression of starch synthesis genes and their enzyme activities and consequently lead to a low grain-filling rate.
publisher	Oxford University Press
publishDate	2011
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3134347/
_version_	1611464941215154176

Regulation of expression of starch synthesis genes by ethylene and ABA in relation to the development of rice inferior and superior spikelets

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