Dysfunction of Immune Systems and Host Genetic Factors in Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Persistent Normal ALT

Dysfunction of Immune Systems and Host Genetic Factors in Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Persistent Normal ALT

Patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus infection who have persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels (PNALT) have mild inflammation and fibrosis in comparison to those with elevated ALT levels. The cellular immune responses to HCV are mainly responsible for viral clearance and the di...

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Main Authors: Kondo, Yasuteru, Ueno, Yoshiyuki, Shimosegawa, Tooru
Format: Online
Language:English
Published: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2011
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3132496/
id pubmed-3132496
recordtype oai_dc
spelling pubmed-31324962011-07-14 Dysfunction of Immune Systems and Host Genetic Factors in Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Persistent Normal ALT Kondo, Yasuteru Ueno, Yoshiyuki Shimosegawa, Tooru Review Article Patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus infection who have persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels (PNALT) have mild inflammation and fibrosis in comparison to those with elevated ALT levels. The cellular immune responses to HCV are mainly responsible for viral clearance and the disease pathogenesis during infection. However, since the innate and adaptive immune systems are suppressed by various kinds of mechanisms in CHC patients, the immunopathogenesis of CHC patients with PNALT is still unclear. In this review, we summarize the representative reports about the immune suppression in CHC to better understand the immunopathogenesis of PNALT. Then, we summarize and speculate on the immunological aspects of PNALT including innate and adaptive immune systems and genetic polymorphisms of HLA and cytokines. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2011 2011-06-14 /pmc/articles/PMC3132496/ /pubmed/21760997 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/713216 Text en Copyright © 2011 Yasuteru Kondo et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
repository_type Open Access Journal
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building NCBI PubMed
collection Online Access
language English
format Online
author Kondo, Yasuteru
Ueno, Yoshiyuki
Shimosegawa, Tooru
spellingShingle Kondo, Yasuteru
Ueno, Yoshiyuki
Shimosegawa, Tooru
Dysfunction of Immune Systems and Host Genetic Factors in Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Persistent Normal ALT
author_facet Kondo, Yasuteru
Ueno, Yoshiyuki
Shimosegawa, Tooru
author_sort Kondo, Yasuteru
title Dysfunction of Immune Systems and Host Genetic Factors in Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Persistent Normal ALT
title_short Dysfunction of Immune Systems and Host Genetic Factors in Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Persistent Normal ALT
title_full Dysfunction of Immune Systems and Host Genetic Factors in Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Persistent Normal ALT
title_fullStr Dysfunction of Immune Systems and Host Genetic Factors in Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Persistent Normal ALT
title_full_unstemmed Dysfunction of Immune Systems and Host Genetic Factors in Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Persistent Normal ALT
title_sort dysfunction of immune systems and host genetic factors in hepatitis c virus infection with persistent normal alt
description Patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) virus infection who have persistently normal alanine aminotransferase levels (PNALT) have mild inflammation and fibrosis in comparison to those with elevated ALT levels. The cellular immune responses to HCV are mainly responsible for viral clearance and the disease pathogenesis during infection. However, since the innate and adaptive immune systems are suppressed by various kinds of mechanisms in CHC patients, the immunopathogenesis of CHC patients with PNALT is still unclear. In this review, we summarize the representative reports about the immune suppression in CHC to better understand the immunopathogenesis of PNALT. Then, we summarize and speculate on the immunological aspects of PNALT including innate and adaptive immune systems and genetic polymorphisms of HLA and cytokines.
publisher Hindawi Publishing Corporation
publishDate 2011
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3132496/
_version_ 1611464535451893760

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