Toll-Like Receptor 9 Is Required for Opioid-Induced Microglia Apoptosis
Opioids have been widely applied in clinics as one of the most potent pain relievers for centuries, but their abuse has deleterious physiological effects beyond addiction. However, the underlying mechanism by which microglia in response to opioids remains largely unknown. Here we show that morphine...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Online |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science
2011
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| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084705/ |