Extraordinary Trypanosoma cruzi diversity within single mammalian reservoir hosts implies a mechanism of diversifying selection

Trypanosoma cruzi is an evolutionarily ancient parasitic protozoan endemic to the Americas. Multiple genetic and phenotypic markers indicate that this parasite is highly diverse, with several divergent and discrete major genotypes reported. Infection multiclonality has been observed among numerous m...

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Main Authors:	Llewellyn, Martin S., Rivett-Carnac, John B., Fitzpatrick, Sinead, Lewis, Michael D., Yeo, Matthew, Gaunt, Michael W., Miles, Michael A.
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier Science 2011
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084450/

id	pubmed-3084450
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-30844502011-05-31 Extraordinary Trypanosoma cruzi diversity within single mammalian reservoir hosts implies a mechanism of diversifying selection Llewellyn, Martin S. Rivett-Carnac, John B. Fitzpatrick, Sinead Lewis, Michael D. Yeo, Matthew Gaunt, Michael W. Miles, Michael A. Article Trypanosoma cruzi is an evolutionarily ancient parasitic protozoan endemic to the Americas. Multiple genetic and phenotypic markers indicate that this parasite is highly diverse, with several divergent and discrete major genotypes reported. Infection multiclonality has been observed among numerous metazoan and unicellular endoparasitic species. However, few studies report the complexity of mixed infections within an individual host in any detail or consider their ecological and biological implications. Here we report extraordinary genetic diversity within single reservoir hosts of T. cruzi I using nine polymorphic microsatellite markers across 211 clones from eight mammals from three different sylvatic foci in South America. Forty-nine distinct multilocus genotypes were defined, with as many as 10 isolated from the same host. We discuss our data in the light of previous population genetic studies of this and related parasitic protozoa and contrast high levels of diversity within each host with the precarious nature of T. cruzi contaminative vectorial transmission. Finally, we propose that non-neutral processes could easily account for the diversity we observe and suggest a functional link with survival in the host. Elsevier Science 2011-05 /pmc/articles/PMC3084450/ /pubmed/21232539 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.12.004 Text en © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Open Access under CC BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) license
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Llewellyn, Martin S. Rivett-Carnac, John B. Fitzpatrick, Sinead Lewis, Michael D. Yeo, Matthew Gaunt, Michael W. Miles, Michael A.
spellingShingle	Llewellyn, Martin S. Rivett-Carnac, John B. Fitzpatrick, Sinead Lewis, Michael D. Yeo, Matthew Gaunt, Michael W. Miles, Michael A. Extraordinary Trypanosoma cruzi diversity within single mammalian reservoir hosts implies a mechanism of diversifying selection
author_facet	Llewellyn, Martin S. Rivett-Carnac, John B. Fitzpatrick, Sinead Lewis, Michael D. Yeo, Matthew Gaunt, Michael W. Miles, Michael A.
author_sort	Llewellyn, Martin S.
title	Extraordinary Trypanosoma cruzi diversity within single mammalian reservoir hosts implies a mechanism of diversifying selection
title_short	Extraordinary Trypanosoma cruzi diversity within single mammalian reservoir hosts implies a mechanism of diversifying selection
title_full	Extraordinary Trypanosoma cruzi diversity within single mammalian reservoir hosts implies a mechanism of diversifying selection
title_fullStr	Extraordinary Trypanosoma cruzi diversity within single mammalian reservoir hosts implies a mechanism of diversifying selection
title_full_unstemmed	Extraordinary Trypanosoma cruzi diversity within single mammalian reservoir hosts implies a mechanism of diversifying selection
title_sort	extraordinary trypanosoma cruzi diversity within single mammalian reservoir hosts implies a mechanism of diversifying selection
description	Trypanosoma cruzi is an evolutionarily ancient parasitic protozoan endemic to the Americas. Multiple genetic and phenotypic markers indicate that this parasite is highly diverse, with several divergent and discrete major genotypes reported. Infection multiclonality has been observed among numerous metazoan and unicellular endoparasitic species. However, few studies report the complexity of mixed infections within an individual host in any detail or consider their ecological and biological implications. Here we report extraordinary genetic diversity within single reservoir hosts of T. cruzi I using nine polymorphic microsatellite markers across 211 clones from eight mammals from three different sylvatic foci in South America. Forty-nine distinct multilocus genotypes were defined, with as many as 10 isolated from the same host. We discuss our data in the light of previous population genetic studies of this and related parasitic protozoa and contrast high levels of diversity within each host with the precarious nature of T. cruzi contaminative vectorial transmission. Finally, we propose that non-neutral processes could easily account for the diversity we observe and suggest a functional link with survival in the host.
publisher	Elsevier Science
publishDate	2011
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3084450/
_version_	1611451034323910656

Extraordinary Trypanosoma cruzi diversity within single mammalian reservoir hosts implies a mechanism of diversifying selection

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