Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases globally. It has been estimated that there are 350 million chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers worldwide. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection varies geographically, from high (>8%), intermediate (2-7%) to low (<2%) prevalence....

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Main Authors:	Hou, Jinlin, Liu, Zhihua, Gu, Fan
Format:	Online
Language:	English
Published:	Ivyspring International Publisher 2005
Online Access:	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1142225/

id	pubmed-1142225
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	pubmed-11422252005-06-17 Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Hou, Jinlin Liu, Zhihua Gu, Fan Review Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases globally. It has been estimated that there are 350 million chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers worldwide. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection varies geographically, from high (>8%), intermediate (2-7%) to low (<2%) prevalence. HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (e-CHB) and occult HBV infection are two special clinical entities, and the prevalence and clinical implications remain to be explored. The predominant routes of transmission vary according to the endemicity of the HBV infection. In areas with high HBV endemicity, perinatal transmission is the main route of transmission, whereas in areas with low HBV endemicity, sexual contact amongst high-risk adults is the predominant route. HBV has been classified into 7 genotypes, i.e. A to G, based on the divergence of entire genome sequence and HBV genotypes have distinct geographical distributions. Three main strategies have been approved to be effective in preventing HBV infection. They are behavior modification, passive immunoprophylaxis, and active immunization. The implement of mass HBV immunization program is recommended by the WHO since 1991, and has dramatically decreased the prevalence of HBV infection and HCC in many countries. Ivyspring International Publisher 2005-01-05 /pmc/articles/PMC1142225/ /pubmed/15968340 Text en © Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0) which permits the distribution and reproduction for non-commercial purposes, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.
repository_type	Open Access Journal
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	US National Center for Biotechnology Information
building	NCBI PubMed
collection	Online Access
language	English
format	Online
author	Hou, Jinlin Liu, Zhihua Gu, Fan
spellingShingle	Hou, Jinlin Liu, Zhihua Gu, Fan Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
author_facet	Hou, Jinlin Liu, Zhihua Gu, Fan
author_sort	Hou, Jinlin
title	Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
title_short	Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
title_full	Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
title_fullStr	Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
title_full_unstemmed	Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection
title_sort	epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis b virus infection
description	Hepatitis B is one of the most common infectious diseases globally. It has been estimated that there are 350 million chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers worldwide. The prevalence of chronic HBV infection varies geographically, from high (>8%), intermediate (2-7%) to low (<2%) prevalence. HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (e-CHB) and occult HBV infection are two special clinical entities, and the prevalence and clinical implications remain to be explored. The predominant routes of transmission vary according to the endemicity of the HBV infection. In areas with high HBV endemicity, perinatal transmission is the main route of transmission, whereas in areas with low HBV endemicity, sexual contact amongst high-risk adults is the predominant route. HBV has been classified into 7 genotypes, i.e. A to G, based on the divergence of entire genome sequence and HBV genotypes have distinct geographical distributions. Three main strategies have been approved to be effective in preventing HBV infection. They are behavior modification, passive immunoprophylaxis, and active immunization. The implement of mass HBV immunization program is recommended by the WHO since 1991, and has dramatically decreased the prevalence of HBV infection and HCC in many countries.
publisher	Ivyspring International Publisher
publishDate	2005
url	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1142225/
_version_	1611375204825563136

Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis B Virus Infection

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