SME Contributions to Employment, Job Creation, and Growth in the Arab World

Recent economic and political developments have highlighted a challenge shared across the Arab region of generating employment, promoting inclusive growth, and improving competitiveness. In the short run, weakened macroeconomic fundamentals in the...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nasr, Sahar, Rostom, Ahmed
Format: Policy Research Working Paper
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:
JOB
OIL
Online Access:http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16897
id okr-10986-16897
recordtype oai_dc
spelling okr-10986-168972017-12-14T04:11:46Z SME Contributions to Employment, Job Creation, and Growth in the Arab World Nasr, Sahar Rostom, Ahmed ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES ACCESS TO FINANCING ACCESS TO FORMAL CREDIT ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACCESS TO MARKETS ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AUDITS BANK BANK FINANCING BANK LENDING BANK LOANS BANKING SYSTEMS BANKRUPTCY BANKS BARRIERS TO ENTRY BASIC METALS BORROWERS BORROWING BRIBES BUSINESS ACTIVITY BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES BUSINESS PLAN BUSINESS PLANS BUSINESS STARTUPS BUSINESS SUCCESS CAPITAL CAPITAL ADEQUACY CAPITAL FUNDS CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL MARKETS CASH FLOW COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS COMMERCIAL BANKS COMPETITIVE MARKETS COMPLIANCE COST CONSUMER PROTECTION COOPERATION CORRUPTION COST OF CREDIT CREDIT CREDIT BUREAUS CREDIT CARDS CREDIT DECISIONS CREDIT FACILITIES CREDIT GAP CREDIT HISTORY CREDIT INFORMATION CREDIT INFORMATION SYSTEM CREDIT INSTITUTIONS CREDIT PRODUCTS CREDIT REGISTRIES CREDITOR CREDITWORTHINESS DEMAND DEMOGRAPHICS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT OF VENTURE CAPITAL DISCRIMINATION DIVERSIFICATION ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC REFORMS ECONOMIC RESOURCES ECONOMIC SITUATION EDUCATION SYSTEM EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYEE EMPLOYEES EMPLOYER EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ENTERPRISE ENTERPRISE REGISTRATION ENTERPRISES ENTREPRENEUR ENTREPRENEURIAL POTENTIAL ENTREPRENEURS ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES ENVIRONMENTS EQUAL ACCESS EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EXCLUSION EXPECTATIONS FAMILIES FAMILY FEES FINANCE ACCESS FINANCE COSTS FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCIAL INNOVATION FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATIONS FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL NEEDS FINANCIAL PRODUCT FINANCIAL PRODUCTS FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORMS FINANCIAL SERVICES FINANCIAL SYSTEM FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FINANCING FIRM DYNAMICS FIRM SIZE FISCAL DEFICITS FIXED COST FIXED COSTS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FORMAL FINANCIAL MARKET GENDER GENDER EQUALITY GENDER MAINSTREAMING GOOD CREDIT GOVERNMENT POLICIES GREATER ACCESS GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HOME MORTGAGES HOUSEHOLD HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RIGHTS HUSBAND INCENTIVES INEQUALITY INFORMAL WORKERS INFORMATION ASYMMETRY INTEREST INTEREST RATE INTERNAL FUNDS INTERNATIONAL BANK INVESTMENT INVESTMENT BARRIERS JOB JOB CREATION JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOBS JOBS CREATION KEY CHALLENGE KEY CHALLENGES LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LACK OF ACCESS LAND LENDING DECISIONS LENDING TECHNIQUES LINE OF CREDIT LOAN LOAN APPLICATION LOAN TERM MARKET ECONOMY MARKET INFORMATION MICRO ENTERPRISES MODELS MOVABLE COLLATERAL NEW BUSINESS NEW BUSINESSES OIL OPTIONS OUTREACH PATENTS PAYMENT PAYMENTS PEOPLE PERSONAL ASSETS PERSONAL FINANCE POLICY DECISIONS POLICY ENVIRONMENT POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRIVATE CREDIT PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRIVATE INVESTMENTS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVILEGED ACCESS PRODUCERS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY PROPERTY AS COLLATERAL PUBLIC CREDIT PUBLIC FINANCES RED TAPE REGULATORY POLICY REVENUES SMALL BUSINESS SMALL BUSINESSES SMALL ENTERPRISES SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOURCE OF INCOME START-UP START-UPS SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAX RATES TAXES TERM CREDIT TRADE TREASURY BILLS UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNFAIR COMPETITION UNION VALUES VENTURE CAPITAL FIRMS WAGES WOMAN WOMAN ENTREPRENEURS WOMEN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS WORKING CAPITAL Recent economic and political developments have highlighted a challenge shared across the Arab region of generating employment, promoting inclusive growth, and improving competitiveness. In the short run, weakened macroeconomic fundamentals in the developing economies of the Middle East and North Africa are a key challenge. The region's main challenge is to achieve sustainable growth that delivers the quantity and quality of jobs needed. An inclusive and competitive private sector has proven to be one of the most effective and long-term solutions for this challenge. This paper provides an analytical framework to diagnose and identify key challenges to the growth of small and medium enterprises that is supported by a quantitative model based on the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys database. The findings reconfirm that the route to a sustained role for small and medium enterprises in job creation requires improving the credibility of reforms, the effectiveness of policies, and equitable enforcement. Although one size fits all is infeasible for Arab countries, it is important to design policies across sectors to create productive employment and promote economic growth. Supporting innovation and enhancing access to finance are central to the development agenda for small and medium enterprises. And creating an enabling environment and setting up accountable institutions are key to ensure equal opportunity and inclusive growth. 2014-02-04T20:54:11Z 2014-02-04T20:54:11Z 2013-10 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16897 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6682 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Middle East and North Africa North Africa Middle East
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution World Bank
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection Online Access
language English
en_US
topic ACCESS TO CREDIT
ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT
ACCESS TO FINANCE
ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES
ACCESS TO FINANCING
ACCESS TO FORMAL CREDIT
ACCESS TO INFORMATION
ACCESS TO MARKETS
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
AUDITS
BANK
BANK FINANCING
BANK LENDING
BANK LOANS
BANKING SYSTEMS
BANKRUPTCY
BANKS
BARRIERS TO ENTRY
BASIC METALS
BORROWERS
BORROWING
BRIBES
BUSINESS ACTIVITY
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES
BUSINESS PLAN
BUSINESS PLANS
BUSINESS STARTUPS
BUSINESS SUCCESS
CAPITAL
CAPITAL ADEQUACY
CAPITAL FUNDS
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL MARKETS
CASH FLOW
COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMPETITIVE MARKETS
COMPLIANCE COST
CONSUMER PROTECTION
COOPERATION
CORRUPTION
COST OF CREDIT
CREDIT
CREDIT BUREAUS
CREDIT CARDS
CREDIT DECISIONS
CREDIT FACILITIES
CREDIT GAP
CREDIT HISTORY
CREDIT INFORMATION
CREDIT INFORMATION SYSTEM
CREDIT INSTITUTIONS
CREDIT PRODUCTS
CREDIT REGISTRIES
CREDITOR
CREDITWORTHINESS
DEMAND
DEMOGRAPHICS
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT OF VENTURE CAPITAL
DISCRIMINATION
DIVERSIFICATION
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
ECONOMIC REFORMS
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
ECONOMIC SITUATION
EDUCATION SYSTEM
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
EMPLOYEE
EMPLOYEES
EMPLOYER
EMPLOYERS
EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS
EMPLOYMENT GROWTH
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
ENTERPRISE
ENTERPRISE REGISTRATION
ENTERPRISES
ENTREPRENEUR
ENTREPRENEURIAL POTENTIAL
ENTREPRENEURS
ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES
ENVIRONMENTS
EQUAL ACCESS
EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
EXCLUSION
EXPECTATIONS
FAMILIES
FAMILY
FEES
FINANCE ACCESS
FINANCE COSTS
FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT
FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
FINANCIAL INNOVATION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATIONS
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL NEEDS
FINANCIAL PRODUCT
FINANCIAL PRODUCTS
FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORMS
FINANCIAL SERVICES
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
FINANCING
FIRM DYNAMICS
FIRM SIZE
FISCAL DEFICITS
FIXED COST
FIXED COSTS
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
FORMAL FINANCIAL MARKET
GENDER
GENDER EQUALITY
GENDER MAINSTREAMING
GOOD CREDIT
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
GREATER ACCESS
GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES
HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
HOME MORTGAGES
HOUSEHOLD
HOUSEHOLDS
HUMAN CAPITAL
HUMAN RIGHTS
HUSBAND
INCENTIVES
INEQUALITY
INFORMAL WORKERS
INFORMATION ASYMMETRY
INTEREST
INTEREST RATE
INTERNAL FUNDS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT BARRIERS
JOB
JOB CREATION
JOB OPPORTUNITIES
JOBS
JOBS CREATION
KEY CHALLENGE
KEY CHALLENGES
LABOR FORCE
LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKETS
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
LACK OF ACCESS
LAND
LENDING DECISIONS
LENDING TECHNIQUES
LINE OF CREDIT
LOAN
LOAN APPLICATION
LOAN TERM
MARKET ECONOMY
MARKET INFORMATION
MICRO ENTERPRISES
MODELS
MOVABLE COLLATERAL
NEW BUSINESS
NEW BUSINESSES
OIL
OPTIONS
OUTREACH
PATENTS
PAYMENT
PAYMENTS
PEOPLE
PERSONAL ASSETS
PERSONAL FINANCE
POLICY DECISIONS
POLICY ENVIRONMENT
POLICY MAKERS
POLITICAL ECONOMY
PRIVATE CREDIT
PRIVATE INVESTMENT
PRIVATE INVESTMENTS
PRIVATE SECTOR
PRIVILEGED ACCESS
PRODUCERS
PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
PROPERTY
PROPERTY AS COLLATERAL
PUBLIC CREDIT
PUBLIC FINANCES
RED TAPE
REGULATORY POLICY
REVENUES
SMALL BUSINESS
SMALL BUSINESSES
SMALL ENTERPRISES
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOURCE OF INCOME
START-UP
START-UPS
SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
TAX RATES
TAXES
TERM CREDIT
TRADE
TREASURY BILLS
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
UNFAIR COMPETITION
UNION
VALUES
VENTURE CAPITAL FIRMS
WAGES
WOMAN
WOMAN ENTREPRENEURS
WOMEN
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
WORKING CAPITAL
spellingShingle ACCESS TO CREDIT
ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT
ACCESS TO FINANCE
ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES
ACCESS TO FINANCING
ACCESS TO FORMAL CREDIT
ACCESS TO INFORMATION
ACCESS TO MARKETS
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
AUDITS
BANK
BANK FINANCING
BANK LENDING
BANK LOANS
BANKING SYSTEMS
BANKRUPTCY
BANKS
BARRIERS TO ENTRY
BASIC METALS
BORROWERS
BORROWING
BRIBES
BUSINESS ACTIVITY
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES
BUSINESS PLAN
BUSINESS PLANS
BUSINESS STARTUPS
BUSINESS SUCCESS
CAPITAL
CAPITAL ADEQUACY
CAPITAL FUNDS
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL MARKETS
CASH FLOW
COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMPETITIVE MARKETS
COMPLIANCE COST
CONSUMER PROTECTION
COOPERATION
CORRUPTION
COST OF CREDIT
CREDIT
CREDIT BUREAUS
CREDIT CARDS
CREDIT DECISIONS
CREDIT FACILITIES
CREDIT GAP
CREDIT HISTORY
CREDIT INFORMATION
CREDIT INFORMATION SYSTEM
CREDIT INSTITUTIONS
CREDIT PRODUCTS
CREDIT REGISTRIES
CREDITOR
CREDITWORTHINESS
DEMAND
DEMOGRAPHICS
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT OF VENTURE CAPITAL
DISCRIMINATION
DIVERSIFICATION
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS
ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
ECONOMIC REFORMS
ECONOMIC RESOURCES
ECONOMIC SITUATION
EDUCATION SYSTEM
EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
EMPLOYEE
EMPLOYEES
EMPLOYER
EMPLOYERS
EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS
EMPLOYMENT GROWTH
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
ENTERPRISE
ENTERPRISE REGISTRATION
ENTERPRISES
ENTREPRENEUR
ENTREPRENEURIAL POTENTIAL
ENTREPRENEURS
ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES
ENVIRONMENTS
EQUAL ACCESS
EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY
EXCLUSION
EXPECTATIONS
FAMILIES
FAMILY
FEES
FINANCE ACCESS
FINANCE COSTS
FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT
FINANCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE
FINANCIAL INNOVATION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATIONS
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL NEEDS
FINANCIAL PRODUCT
FINANCIAL PRODUCTS
FINANCIAL SECTOR REFORMS
FINANCIAL SERVICES
FINANCIAL SYSTEM
FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
FINANCING
FIRM DYNAMICS
FIRM SIZE
FISCAL DEFICITS
FIXED COST
FIXED COSTS
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
FORMAL FINANCIAL MARKET
GENDER
GENDER EQUALITY
GENDER MAINSTREAMING
GOOD CREDIT
GOVERNMENT POLICIES
GREATER ACCESS
GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES
HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
HOME MORTGAGES
HOUSEHOLD
HOUSEHOLDS
HUMAN CAPITAL
HUMAN RIGHTS
HUSBAND
INCENTIVES
INEQUALITY
INFORMAL WORKERS
INFORMATION ASYMMETRY
INTEREST
INTEREST RATE
INTERNAL FUNDS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INVESTMENT
INVESTMENT BARRIERS
JOB
JOB CREATION
JOB OPPORTUNITIES
JOBS
JOBS CREATION
KEY CHALLENGE
KEY CHALLENGES
LABOR FORCE
LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKETS
LABOR PRODUCTIVITY
LACK OF ACCESS
LAND
LENDING DECISIONS
LENDING TECHNIQUES
LINE OF CREDIT
LOAN
LOAN APPLICATION
LOAN TERM
MARKET ECONOMY
MARKET INFORMATION
MICRO ENTERPRISES
MODELS
MOVABLE COLLATERAL
NEW BUSINESS
NEW BUSINESSES
OIL
OPTIONS
OUTREACH
PATENTS
PAYMENT
PAYMENTS
PEOPLE
PERSONAL ASSETS
PERSONAL FINANCE
POLICY DECISIONS
POLICY ENVIRONMENT
POLICY MAKERS
POLITICAL ECONOMY
PRIVATE CREDIT
PRIVATE INVESTMENT
PRIVATE INVESTMENTS
PRIVATE SECTOR
PRIVILEGED ACCESS
PRODUCERS
PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT
PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH
PROPERTY
PROPERTY AS COLLATERAL
PUBLIC CREDIT
PUBLIC FINANCES
RED TAPE
REGULATORY POLICY
REVENUES
SMALL BUSINESS
SMALL BUSINESSES
SMALL ENTERPRISES
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOURCE OF INCOME
START-UP
START-UPS
SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
TAX RATES
TAXES
TERM CREDIT
TRADE
TREASURY BILLS
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
UNFAIR COMPETITION
UNION
VALUES
VENTURE CAPITAL FIRMS
WAGES
WOMAN
WOMAN ENTREPRENEURS
WOMEN
WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
WORKING CAPITAL
Nasr, Sahar
Rostom, Ahmed
SME Contributions to Employment, Job Creation, and Growth in the Arab World
geographic_facet Middle East and North Africa
North Africa
Middle East
relation Policy Research Working Paper;No. 6682
description Recent economic and political developments have highlighted a challenge shared across the Arab region of generating employment, promoting inclusive growth, and improving competitiveness. In the short run, weakened macroeconomic fundamentals in the developing economies of the Middle East and North Africa are a key challenge. The region's main challenge is to achieve sustainable growth that delivers the quantity and quality of jobs needed. An inclusive and competitive private sector has proven to be one of the most effective and long-term solutions for this challenge. This paper provides an analytical framework to diagnose and identify key challenges to the growth of small and medium enterprises that is supported by a quantitative model based on the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys database. The findings reconfirm that the route to a sustained role for small and medium enterprises in job creation requires improving the credibility of reforms, the effectiveness of policies, and equitable enforcement. Although one size fits all is infeasible for Arab countries, it is important to design policies across sectors to create productive employment and promote economic growth. Supporting innovation and enhancing access to finance are central to the development agenda for small and medium enterprises. And creating an enabling environment and setting up accountable institutions are key to ensure equal opportunity and inclusive growth.
format Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author Nasr, Sahar
Rostom, Ahmed
author_facet Nasr, Sahar
Rostom, Ahmed
author_sort Nasr, Sahar
title SME Contributions to Employment, Job Creation, and Growth in the Arab World
title_short SME Contributions to Employment, Job Creation, and Growth in the Arab World
title_full SME Contributions to Employment, Job Creation, and Growth in the Arab World
title_fullStr SME Contributions to Employment, Job Creation, and Growth in the Arab World
title_full_unstemmed SME Contributions to Employment, Job Creation, and Growth in the Arab World
title_sort sme contributions to employment, job creation, and growth in the arab world
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2014
url http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16897
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