Campylobacter jejuni acquire new host-derived CRISPR spacers when in association with bacteriophages harboring a CRISPR-like Cas4 protein

Campylobacter jejuni is a worldwide cause of human diarrhoeal disease. Clustered Repetitively Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) and associated proteins allow Bacteria and Archaea to evade bacteriophage and plasmid infection. Type II CRISPR systems are found in association with combinations o...

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Main Authors:	Hooton, Steven P.T., Connerton, Ian F.
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers 2015
Online Access:	http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29133/ http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29133/ http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29133/ http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29133/2/fmicb-05-00744.pdf

id	nottingham-29133
recordtype	eprints
spelling	nottingham-291332018-06-26T12:30:17Z http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29133/ Campylobacter jejuni acquire new host-derived CRISPR spacers when in association with bacteriophages harboring a CRISPR-like Cas4 protein Hooton, Steven P.T. Connerton, Ian F. Campylobacter jejuni is a worldwide cause of human diarrhoeal disease. Clustered Repetitively Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) and associated proteins allow Bacteria and Archaea to evade bacteriophage and plasmid infection. Type II CRISPR systems are found in association with combinations of genes encoding the CRISPR-associated Cas1, Cas2, Cas4 or Csn2, and Cas9 proteins. C. jejuni possesses a minimal subtype II-C CRISPR system containing cas1, cas2, and cas9 genes whilst cas4 is notably absent. Cas4 proteins possess 5′-3′ exonuclease activity to create recombinogenic-ends for spacer acquisition. Here we report a conserved Cas4-like protein in Campylobacter bacteriophages that creates a novel split arrangement between the bacteriophage and host that represents a new twist in the bacteriophage/host co-evolutionary arms race. The continuous association of bacteriophage and host in the carrier state life cycle of C. jejuni provided an opportunity to study spacer acquisition in this species. Remarkably all the spacer sequences observed were of host origin. We hypothesize that Campylobacter bacteriophages can use Cas4-like protein to activate spacer acquisition to use host DNA as an effective decoy to bacteriophage DNA. Bacteria that acquire self-spacers and escape phage infection must overcome CRISPR-mediated autoimmunity either by loss of the interference functions leaving them susceptible to foreign DNA incursion or tolerate changes in gene regulation. Frontiers 2015-01-05 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en cc_by http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29133/2/fmicb-05-00744.pdf Hooton, Steven P.T. and Connerton, Ian F. (2015) Campylobacter jejuni acquire new host-derived CRISPR spacers when in association with bacteriophages harboring a CRISPR-like Cas4 protein. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5 (744). pp. 1-9. ISSN 1664-302X http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00744/full doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00744 doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00744
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Local University
institution	University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus
building	Nottingham Research Data Repository
collection	Online Access
language	English
description	Campylobacter jejuni is a worldwide cause of human diarrhoeal disease. Clustered Repetitively Interspaced Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) and associated proteins allow Bacteria and Archaea to evade bacteriophage and plasmid infection. Type II CRISPR systems are found in association with combinations of genes encoding the CRISPR-associated Cas1, Cas2, Cas4 or Csn2, and Cas9 proteins. C. jejuni possesses a minimal subtype II-C CRISPR system containing cas1, cas2, and cas9 genes whilst cas4 is notably absent. Cas4 proteins possess 5′-3′ exonuclease activity to create recombinogenic-ends for spacer acquisition. Here we report a conserved Cas4-like protein in Campylobacter bacteriophages that creates a novel split arrangement between the bacteriophage and host that represents a new twist in the bacteriophage/host co-evolutionary arms race. The continuous association of bacteriophage and host in the carrier state life cycle of C. jejuni provided an opportunity to study spacer acquisition in this species. Remarkably all the spacer sequences observed were of host origin. We hypothesize that Campylobacter bacteriophages can use Cas4-like protein to activate spacer acquisition to use host DNA as an effective decoy to bacteriophage DNA. Bacteria that acquire self-spacers and escape phage infection must overcome CRISPR-mediated autoimmunity either by loss of the interference functions leaving them susceptible to foreign DNA incursion or tolerate changes in gene regulation.
format	Article
author	Hooton, Steven P.T. Connerton, Ian F.
spellingShingle	Hooton, Steven P.T. Connerton, Ian F. Campylobacter jejuni acquire new host-derived CRISPR spacers when in association with bacteriophages harboring a CRISPR-like Cas4 protein
author_facet	Hooton, Steven P.T. Connerton, Ian F.
author_sort	Hooton, Steven P.T.
title	Campylobacter jejuni acquire new host-derived CRISPR spacers when in association with bacteriophages harboring a CRISPR-like Cas4 protein
title_short	Campylobacter jejuni acquire new host-derived CRISPR spacers when in association with bacteriophages harboring a CRISPR-like Cas4 protein
title_full	Campylobacter jejuni acquire new host-derived CRISPR spacers when in association with bacteriophages harboring a CRISPR-like Cas4 protein
title_fullStr	Campylobacter jejuni acquire new host-derived CRISPR spacers when in association with bacteriophages harboring a CRISPR-like Cas4 protein
title_full_unstemmed	Campylobacter jejuni acquire new host-derived CRISPR spacers when in association with bacteriophages harboring a CRISPR-like Cas4 protein
title_sort	campylobacter jejuni acquire new host-derived crispr spacers when in association with bacteriophages harboring a crispr-like cas4 protein
publisher	Frontiers
publishDate	2015
url	http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29133/ http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29133/ http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29133/ http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29133/2/fmicb-05-00744.pdf
first_indexed	2018-09-06T11:54:11Z
last_indexed	2018-09-06T11:54:11Z
_version_	1610858996047020032

Campylobacter jejuni acquire new host-derived CRISPR spacers when in association with bacteriophages harboring a CRISPR-like Cas4 protein

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