A new cochliodont anterior tooth plate from the Mississippian of Alabama (USA) having implications for the origin of tooth plates from tooth files

Abstract Background Paleozoic holocephalian tooth plates are rarely found articulated in their original positions. When they are found isolated, it is difficult to associate the small, anterior tooth plates with the larger, more posterior ones. Tooth plates are presumed to have evolved from fusion o...

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Main Authors:	Wayne M. Itano, Lance L. Lambert
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	BioMed Central 2018-06-01
Series:	Zoological Letters
Subjects:	Chondrichthyes Cochliodontiformes Carboniferous Mississippian Bangor limestone Alabama
Online Access:	http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40851-018-0097-8

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spelling	doaj-art-a10b812f30094988859f9b89238f57ff2018-08-20T16:02:04ZengBioMed CentralZoological Letters2056-306X2018-06-014111010.1186/s40851-018-0097-8A new cochliodont anterior tooth plate from the Mississippian of Alabama (USA) having implications for the origin of tooth plates from tooth filesWayne M. Itano0Lance L. Lambert1Museum of Natural History, University of ColoradoUniversity of Texas at San AntonioAbstract Background Paleozoic holocephalian tooth plates are rarely found articulated in their original positions. When they are found isolated, it is difficult to associate the small, anterior tooth plates with the larger, more posterior ones. Tooth plates are presumed to have evolved from fusion of tooth files. However, there is little fossil evidence for this hypothesis. Results We report a tooth plate having nearly perfect bilateral symmetry from the Mississippian (Chesterian Stage) Bangor Limestone of Franklin County, Alabama, USA. The high degree of symmetry suggests that it may have occupied a symphyseal or parasymphyseal position. The tooth plate resembles Deltodopsis? bialveatus St. John and Worthen, 1883, but differs in having a sharp ridge with multiple cusps arranged along the occlusal surface of the presumed labiolingual axis, rather than a relatively smooth occlusal surface. The multicusped shape is suggestive of a fused tooth file. The middle to latest Chesterian (Serpukhovian) age is determined by conodonts found in the same bed. Conclusion The new tooth plate is interpreted as an anterior tooth plate of a chondrichthyan fish. It is referred to Arcuodus multicuspidatus Itano and Lambert, gen. et sp. nov. Deltodopsis? bialveatus is also referred to Arcuodus.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40851-018-0097-8ChondrichthyesCochliodontiformesCarboniferousMississippianBangor limestoneAlabama
institution	Open Data Bank
collection	Open Access Journals
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language	English
format	Article
author	Wayne M. Itano Lance L. Lambert
spellingShingle	Wayne M. Itano Lance L. Lambert A new cochliodont anterior tooth plate from the Mississippian of Alabama (USA) having implications for the origin of tooth plates from tooth files Zoological Letters Chondrichthyes Cochliodontiformes Carboniferous Mississippian Bangor limestone Alabama
author_facet	Wayne M. Itano Lance L. Lambert
author_sort	Wayne M. Itano
title	A new cochliodont anterior tooth plate from the Mississippian of Alabama (USA) having implications for the origin of tooth plates from tooth files
title_short	A new cochliodont anterior tooth plate from the Mississippian of Alabama (USA) having implications for the origin of tooth plates from tooth files
title_full	A new cochliodont anterior tooth plate from the Mississippian of Alabama (USA) having implications for the origin of tooth plates from tooth files
title_fullStr	A new cochliodont anterior tooth plate from the Mississippian of Alabama (USA) having implications for the origin of tooth plates from tooth files
title_full_unstemmed	A new cochliodont anterior tooth plate from the Mississippian of Alabama (USA) having implications for the origin of tooth plates from tooth files
title_sort	new cochliodont anterior tooth plate from the mississippian of alabama (usa) having implications for the origin of tooth plates from tooth files
publisher	BioMed Central
series	Zoological Letters
issn	2056-306X
publishDate	2018-06-01
description	Abstract Background Paleozoic holocephalian tooth plates are rarely found articulated in their original positions. When they are found isolated, it is difficult to associate the small, anterior tooth plates with the larger, more posterior ones. Tooth plates are presumed to have evolved from fusion of tooth files. However, there is little fossil evidence for this hypothesis. Results We report a tooth plate having nearly perfect bilateral symmetry from the Mississippian (Chesterian Stage) Bangor Limestone of Franklin County, Alabama, USA. The high degree of symmetry suggests that it may have occupied a symphyseal or parasymphyseal position. The tooth plate resembles Deltodopsis? bialveatus St. John and Worthen, 1883, but differs in having a sharp ridge with multiple cusps arranged along the occlusal surface of the presumed labiolingual axis, rather than a relatively smooth occlusal surface. The multicusped shape is suggestive of a fused tooth file. The middle to latest Chesterian (Serpukhovian) age is determined by conodonts found in the same bed. Conclusion The new tooth plate is interpreted as an anterior tooth plate of a chondrichthyan fish. It is referred to Arcuodus multicuspidatus Itano and Lambert, gen. et sp. nov. Deltodopsis? bialveatus is also referred to Arcuodus.
topic	Chondrichthyes Cochliodontiformes Carboniferous Mississippian Bangor limestone Alabama
url	http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40851-018-0097-8
_version_	1612687010611331072

A new cochliodont anterior tooth plate from the Mississippian of Alabama (USA) having implications for the origin of tooth plates from tooth files

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