Design, Development and Construct Validation of the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index

Objective: To design and validate a literature-derived, population-based Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII)TM. Design: The C-DII was developed based on a review of literature through 2010. Dietary data obtained from children in 16 different countries were used to create a refere...

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Main Authors:	Samira Khan, Michael D. Wirth, Andrew Ortaglia, Christian R. Alvarado, Nitin Shivappa, Thomas G. Hurley, James R. Hebert
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2018-07-01
Series:	Nutrients
Subjects:	diet inflammation children’s-dietary inflammatory index
Online Access:	http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/8/993

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spelling	doaj-art-9daca70b1d124db5a9edb88616176f932018-08-22T08:02:21ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432018-07-0110899310.3390/nu10080993nu10080993Design, Development and Construct Validation of the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory IndexSamira Khan0Michael D. Wirth1Andrew Ortaglia2Christian R. Alvarado3Nitin Shivappa4Thomas G. Hurley5James R. Hebert6Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CPCP), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USAStatewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CPCP), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USAEpidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USAStatewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CPCP), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USAStatewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CPCP), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USAStatewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CPCP), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USAStatewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CPCP), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USAObjective: To design and validate a literature-derived, population-based Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII)TM. Design: The C-DII was developed based on a review of literature through 2010. Dietary data obtained from children in 16 different countries were used to create a reference database for computing C-DII scores based on consumption of macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and whole foods. Construct validation was performed using quantile regression to assess the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and C-DII scores. Data Sources: All data used for construct validation were obtained from children between six and 14 years of age (n = 3300) who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005–2010). Results: The C-DII was successfully validated with blood CRP concentrations in this heterogeneous sample of 3300 children from NHANES (52% male; 29% African American, 25% Mexican American; mean age 11 years). The final model was adjusted for sex, age, race, asthma, body mass index (BMI), and infections. Children in level 3 (i.e., quartiles 3 and 4 combined) of the C-DII (i.e., children with the most pro-inflammatory diets) had a CRP value 0.097 mg/dL higher than that in level 1 (i.e., quartile 1) for CRP values at the 75th percentile of CRP using quantile regression (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The C-DII predicted blood CRP concentrations among children 6–14 years in the NHANES. Further construct validation with CRP and other inflammatory markers is required to deepen understanding of the relationship between the C-DII and markers of inflammation in children.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/8/993dietinflammationchildren’s-dietary inflammatory index
institution	Open Data Bank
collection	Open Access Journals
building	Directory of Open Access Journals
language	English
format	Article
author	Samira Khan Michael D. Wirth Andrew Ortaglia Christian R. Alvarado Nitin Shivappa Thomas G. Hurley James R. Hebert
spellingShingle	Samira Khan Michael D. Wirth Andrew Ortaglia Christian R. Alvarado Nitin Shivappa Thomas G. Hurley James R. Hebert Design, Development and Construct Validation of the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index Nutrients diet inflammation children’s-dietary inflammatory index
author_facet	Samira Khan Michael D. Wirth Andrew Ortaglia Christian R. Alvarado Nitin Shivappa Thomas G. Hurley James R. Hebert
author_sort	Samira Khan
title	Design, Development and Construct Validation of the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index
title_short	Design, Development and Construct Validation of the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index
title_full	Design, Development and Construct Validation of the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index
title_fullStr	Design, Development and Construct Validation of the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index
title_full_unstemmed	Design, Development and Construct Validation of the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index
title_sort	design, development and construct validation of the children’s dietary inflammatory index
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Nutrients
issn	2072-6643
publishDate	2018-07-01
description	Objective: To design and validate a literature-derived, population-based Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII)TM. Design: The C-DII was developed based on a review of literature through 2010. Dietary data obtained from children in 16 different countries were used to create a reference database for computing C-DII scores based on consumption of macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and whole foods. Construct validation was performed using quantile regression to assess the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and C-DII scores. Data Sources: All data used for construct validation were obtained from children between six and 14 years of age (n = 3300) who participated in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2005–2010). Results: The C-DII was successfully validated with blood CRP concentrations in this heterogeneous sample of 3300 children from NHANES (52% male; 29% African American, 25% Mexican American; mean age 11 years). The final model was adjusted for sex, age, race, asthma, body mass index (BMI), and infections. Children in level 3 (i.e., quartiles 3 and 4 combined) of the C-DII (i.e., children with the most pro-inflammatory diets) had a CRP value 0.097 mg/dL higher than that in level 1 (i.e., quartile 1) for CRP values at the 75th percentile of CRP using quantile regression (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The C-DII predicted blood CRP concentrations among children 6–14 years in the NHANES. Further construct validation with CRP and other inflammatory markers is required to deepen understanding of the relationship between the C-DII and markers of inflammation in children.
topic	diet inflammation children’s-dietary inflammatory index
url	http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/8/993
_version_	1612679511825973248

Design, Development and Construct Validation of the Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index

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