Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination

Abstract In spite of significant progress towards malaria control and elimination achieved in South America in the 2000s, this mosquito-transmitted tropical disease remains an important public health concern in the region. Most malaria cases in South America come from Amazon rain forest areas in nor...

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Main Authors:	Judith Recht, André M. Siqueira, Wuelton M. Monteiro, Sonia M. Herrera, Sócrates Herrera, Marcus V. G. Lacerda
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	BioMed Central 2017-07-01
Series:	Malaria Journal
Subjects:	Plasmodium Control Elimination Eradication Amazon South America
Online Access:	http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-1925-6

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spelling	doaj-art-968d88aa7dce4c52b16769b157cc89372018-08-20T17:13:49ZengBioMed CentralMalaria Journal1475-28752017-07-0116111810.1186/s12936-017-1925-6Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and eliminationJudith Recht0André M. Siqueira1Wuelton M. Monteiro2Sonia M. Herrera3Sócrates Herrera4Marcus V. G. Lacerda5Independent consultantInstituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz)Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira DouradoCentro de Investigación Científica CaucasecoCentro de Investigación Científica CaucasecoDiretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira DouradoAbstract In spite of significant progress towards malaria control and elimination achieved in South America in the 2000s, this mosquito-transmitted tropical disease remains an important public health concern in the region. Most malaria cases in South America come from Amazon rain forest areas in northern countries, where more than half of malaria is caused by Plasmodium vivax, while Plasmodium falciparum malaria incidence has decreased in recent years. This review discusses current malaria data, policies and challenges in four South American Amazon countries: Brazil, Colombia, Peru and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Challenges to continuing efforts to further decrease malaria incidence in this region include: a significant increase in malaria cases in recent years in Venezuela, evidence of submicroscopic and asymptomatic infections, peri-urban malaria, gold mining-related malaria, malaria in pregnancy, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and primaquine use, and possible under-detection of Plasmodium malariae. Some of these challenges underscore the need to implement appropriate tools and procedures in specific regions, such as a field-compatible molecular malaria test, a P. malariae-specific test, malaria diagnosis and appropriate treatment as part of regular antenatal care visits, G6PD test before primaquine administration for P. vivax cases (with weekly primaquine regimen for G6PD deficient individuals), single low dose of primaquine for P. falciparum malaria in Colombia, and national and regional efforts to contain malaria spread in Venezuela urgently needed especially in mining areas. Joint efforts and commitment towards malaria control and elimination should be strategized based on examples of successful regional malaria fighting initiatives, such as PAMAFRO and RAVREDA/AMI.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-1925-6PlasmodiumControlEliminationEradicationAmazonSouth America
institution	Open Data Bank
collection	Open Access Journals
building	Directory of Open Access Journals
language	English
format	Article
author	Judith Recht André M. Siqueira Wuelton M. Monteiro Sonia M. Herrera Sócrates Herrera Marcus V. G. Lacerda
spellingShingle	Judith Recht André M. Siqueira Wuelton M. Monteiro Sonia M. Herrera Sócrates Herrera Marcus V. G. Lacerda Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination Malaria Journal Plasmodium Control Elimination Eradication Amazon South America
author_facet	Judith Recht André M. Siqueira Wuelton M. Monteiro Sonia M. Herrera Sócrates Herrera Marcus V. G. Lacerda
author_sort	Judith Recht
title	Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination
title_short	Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination
title_full	Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination
title_fullStr	Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination
title_full_unstemmed	Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination
title_sort	malaria in brazil, colombia, peru and venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination
publisher	BioMed Central
series	Malaria Journal
issn	1475-2875
publishDate	2017-07-01
description	Abstract In spite of significant progress towards malaria control and elimination achieved in South America in the 2000s, this mosquito-transmitted tropical disease remains an important public health concern in the region. Most malaria cases in South America come from Amazon rain forest areas in northern countries, where more than half of malaria is caused by Plasmodium vivax, while Plasmodium falciparum malaria incidence has decreased in recent years. This review discusses current malaria data, policies and challenges in four South American Amazon countries: Brazil, Colombia, Peru and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Challenges to continuing efforts to further decrease malaria incidence in this region include: a significant increase in malaria cases in recent years in Venezuela, evidence of submicroscopic and asymptomatic infections, peri-urban malaria, gold mining-related malaria, malaria in pregnancy, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and primaquine use, and possible under-detection of Plasmodium malariae. Some of these challenges underscore the need to implement appropriate tools and procedures in specific regions, such as a field-compatible molecular malaria test, a P. malariae-specific test, malaria diagnosis and appropriate treatment as part of regular antenatal care visits, G6PD test before primaquine administration for P. vivax cases (with weekly primaquine regimen for G6PD deficient individuals), single low dose of primaquine for P. falciparum malaria in Colombia, and national and regional efforts to contain malaria spread in Venezuela urgently needed especially in mining areas. Joint efforts and commitment towards malaria control and elimination should be strategized based on examples of successful regional malaria fighting initiatives, such as PAMAFRO and RAVREDA/AMI.
topic	Plasmodium Control Elimination Eradication Amazon South America
url	http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-1925-6
_version_	1612685282267627520

Malaria in Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela: current challenges in malaria control and elimination

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