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Singapore

Letter from [[William Farquhar Singapore, }} officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. Its territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. The country is about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, bordering the Strait of Malacca to the west, the Singapore Strait to the south along with the Riau Islands in Indonesia, the South China Sea to the east and the Straits of Johor along with the State of Johor in Malaysia to the north.

In its early history, Singapore was a maritime emporium known as ''Temasek''; subsequently, it was a major constituent of several successive thalassocratic empires. Its contemporary era began in 1819, when Stamford Raffles established Singapore as an entrepôt trading post of the British Empire. In 1867, Singapore came under direct British control as part of the Straits Settlements. During World War II, Singapore was occupied by Japan in 1942 and returned to Britain as a Crown colony following Japan's surrender in 1945. Singapore gained self-governance in 1959 and in 1963 became part of the new federation of Malaysia, alongside Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak. Ideological differences led to Singapore's expulsion from the federation two years later; it became an independent sovereign country in 1965. After early years of turbulence and despite lacking natural resources and a hinterland, the nation rapidly developed to become one of the Four Asian Tigers.

As a highly developed country, Singapore has the highest PPP-adjusted GDP per capita in the world and is the only country in Asia with a AAA sovereign credit rating from all major rating agencies. Identified as a tax haven, it is a major aviation, financial and maritime shipping hub and has consistently been ranked as one of the most expensive cities for expatriates and foreign workers. Singapore ranks highly in key social indicators: education, healthcare, housing, peacefulness, passport strength, personal safety and infrastructure, with a high home-ownership rate. Singaporeans enjoy one of the longest life expectancies, fastest Internet connection speeds, lowest infant mortality rates and lowest levels of corruption in the world. Singapore is organised into five regions, 55 planning areas and hundreds of subzones. It has the third highest population density of any country, although there are numerous green and recreational spaces as a result of urban planning. With a multicultural population and in recognition of the cultural identities of the country's major ethnic groups, Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil. English is the common language, with exclusive use in numerous public services. Multi-racialism is enshrined in the constitution and continues to shape national policies.

Singapore is a parliamentary republic and its legal system is based on common law. While it is constitutionally a multi-party democracy where free elections are regularly held, it functions as a ''de facto'' one-party state, with the People's Action Party (PAP) maintaining continuous political dominance since 1959. The PAP's longstanding control has resulted in limited political pluralism and a highly centralised governance structure over national institutions. One of the five founding members of ASEAN, Singapore is also the headquarters of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat, the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council Secretariat and is the host city of many international conferences and events. Singapore is also a member of the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the East Asia Summit, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Commonwealth of Nations. Provided by Wikipedia
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  1. 1

    Productivity digest

    Published 1980
    “…Singapore…”
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  3. 3

    Index to Singapore/Malaysia legal periodicals 1932-1984 by Cheang, Molly, Sng, Fok Yong, Wee, Carolyn

    Published 1986
    “…National University of Singapore…”
  4. 4

    Families in conflict theories and approaches in mediation and counselling

    Published 2000
    “…Subordinate Courts, Singapore…”
  5. 5

    Current development in international investment law by Ho, Peng Kee

    Published 1992
    “…National University of Singapore…”
  6. 6

    Islamic issues of interest to the Malays in Malaysia and Singapore since independence by Sa'eda Buang

    “…National University of Singapore…”
  7. 7

    Fun with Chinese characters

    Published 1982
    “…Straits Times (Singapore)…”
  8. 8

    Fun with Chinese characters

    Published 1983
    “…Straits Times (Singapore)…”
  9. 9

    Geylang Serai, down memory lane

    Published 1986
    “…Singapore. National Archives…”
  10. 10

    Financial higlights of companies in the stock exchange of Singapore 1983-1992

    Published 1994
    “…National University of Singapore…”
  11. 11

    Asian migrations sojourning, displacement, homecoming, and other travels by Lorente, Beatriz P.

    Published 2005
    “…National University of Singapore…”
  12. 12

    Diet for the Asian diabetic by Rasmussen, Oi Heng

    Published 1992
    “…Diabetic Society of Singapore…”
  13. 13

    Asian leadership what works by Sutton, Robert, Ulrich, Dave

    Published 2011
    “…Singapore Ministry of Manpower…”
  14. 14

    Assessment of damages personal injuries and fatal accidents by Chin, Julian

    Published 2005
    “…Singapore Subordinate Courts…”
  15. 15

    Current problems in international trade financing by Chinkin, C. M.

    Published 1983
    “…Singapore Conferences on International Business Law (1st :1982 :Singapore)…”
  16. 16

    Further investment analysis by Lim, Choo Peng, Saw, Swee-Hock 1931-

    Published 1986
    “…Singapore Securities Research Institute…”
  17. 17

    Language curriculum and instruction in multicultural societies by Renandya, Willy A., Sunga, Nilda R.

    Published 2001
    “…Regional Language Centre (Singapore)…”
  18. 18

    International human resource management review

    Published 1990
    “…Singapore Institute of Personnel Management…”
  19. 19

    The straight way answers to questions on Islam put forward by non-Muslims by Kadir, Shaik A.

    Published 1993
    “…Muslim Converts' Association of Singapore…”
  20. 20

    Asian economic recovery policy options for growth and stability by Tan, Kong Yam

    Published 2002
    “…Institute of Policy Studies (Singapore)…”