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Johor

Johor}} is a state of Malaysia in the south of the Malay Peninsula. It borders with Pahang, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan to the north. Johor has maritime borders with Singapore to the south and Indonesia to the east and west. As of 2025, the state's population is 4.2 million, making it the second most populous state in Malaysia, after Selangor. Johor Bahru is the capital city and the economic centre of the state, and Muar serves as the royal capital.

Johor is one of Malaysia's most important economic hubs, having the highest gross domestic product (GDP) in Malaysia outside of the Klang Valley, making it the country's second largest state economy. Its household income and total salaries are also the second highest among all Malaysian states. Johor has the world's second largest artificial intelligence hub, robust manufacturing and logistics centres, and home to the Ports of Johor, the 11th busiest port in the world. Located in southern Johor, Iskandar Malaysia is Malaysia's largest special economic zone by investment value.

Johor's history began with the Johor Sultanate, a rump state of the Malacca Sultanate, becoming a sovereign state until European powers intervened. The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 established its modern borders, with Johor remaining self-governing until British influence grew in 1885 through a General Adviser. In 1914, it became a British protected state within the Unfederated Malay States, which was then interrupted by Japanese occupation. After World War II, Johor joined the Malayan Union in 1946 and the Federation of Malaya in 1948, ultimately gaining independence in 1957 before integrating into modern Malaysia in 1963.

Johor has high diversity in ethnicity, culture, language, and is known for its traditional dance of ''zapin'' and ''kuda kepang''. The head of state is the Sultan of Johor, while the head of government is the Chief Minister. The government system is closely modelled on the Westminster system. Johor is divided into administrative districts, with Johor Bahru District being the second largest district in Malaysia by population and economy. Islam is the state religion, but other religions can be freely practised. Johor has diverse tropical rainforests and an equatorial climate. Situated at the southern foothills of the Tenasserim Hills, inselbergs and massifs dominate the state's flat landscape, with Mount Ledang being the highest point. Provided by Wikipedia