Published 2011
“…The characteristics of the pronunciations which reflected in the “Lessons”（《課文》）and the“List of Common Words and Phrases”（《編目表》）in this book have shown differentiated, the former refered to the classical rhyming book namely as Wufang Yuanyin （《五方元音》）to form the literary pronunciation of Mandarin, Joseph Edkins believed that this sound system which has been noted in this rhyming book is used to form the literary pronunciation of the Peking Mandarin, and it is the
standard Mandarin Orthography；however the latter reflected the colloquial pronunciation of the Peking Mandarin which spoken by the local people, this actual sound is originated from the Peking dialect. …”
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