| Summary: | A judicious choice of insert material, tool geometry and cutting conditions can make hard turning produce better surfaces than grinding. AISI D2 is the most extensively used cold work tool steel in the tool and die industry. This steel of 60 HRC hardness was turned with PVD TiN coated ceramic tools (Al2O3/TiCN). Intragranular cracks were observed with single pass turning, while transgranular cracks occurred with multiple pass turning that was also accompanied by an increase in compressive stresses. In both passes, the white layer was observed, but in single pass, there was no subsurface deformed grain orientation, whereas in multiple passes, there was a distinct orientation.
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