Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications
This paper proposes a low loss 4 × 4 Butler matrix based on rectangular waveguide cavity resonators technology for millimeterwave beamforming network using iris coupling method. This method has the advantage of controlling the electricalfields and the couplingfactor inside a complex medium such as w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor&francis
2023
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9640/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9640/1/J16159_e7002cba332d9d3a6e4edac8cb3c90d9.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848889732956684288 |
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| author | W. Almeshehe, Muataz Murad, Noor Asniza A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal Ayop, Osman Zubir, Farid A. Abd. Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol N. Osman, Mohamed Majid, H. A. |
| author_facet | W. Almeshehe, Muataz Murad, Noor Asniza A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal Ayop, Osman Zubir, Farid A. Abd. Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol N. Osman, Mohamed Majid, H. A. |
| author_sort | W. Almeshehe, Muataz |
| building | UTHM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This paper proposes a low loss 4 × 4 Butler matrix based on rectangular waveguide cavity resonators technology for millimeterwave beamforming network using iris coupling method. This method has the advantage of controlling the electricalfields and the couplingfactor inside a complex medium such as waveguide cavity resonators. The coupling factor of 6 dB for 4 × 4 Butler matrix is achieved by
tuning the iris coupling k-value between the waveguide cavity resonators. Thus, avoiding a higher phase difference losses and component losses at upper millimeterwave bands. To validate the proposed method, CST software simulations are performed under several iris coupling k-values to achieve a 6 dB coupling factor. Then, the proposed 4 × 4 Butler matrix is 3D metal printed using selective laser melting (SLM) technique. The measured reflection and isolation coefficients are observed below −10 dB, with coupling coefficients ranging between −6 and −7 dB. The phase differences
of −42.02°, 42.02°, −130.95°, and 133.3° are achieved at the outputs. It confirmed that using this proposed method has the superiority over the conventional microstrip and waveguide coupling methods by a 1 dB coupling factor loss and a 3° phase difference error. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T20:30:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | uthm-9640 |
| institution | Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T20:30:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher | Taylor&francis |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | uthm-96402023-08-16T07:10:23Z http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9640/ Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications W. Almeshehe, Muataz Murad, Noor Asniza A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal Ayop, Osman Zubir, Farid A. Abd. Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol N. Osman, Mohamed Majid, H. A. T Technology (General) This paper proposes a low loss 4 × 4 Butler matrix based on rectangular waveguide cavity resonators technology for millimeterwave beamforming network using iris coupling method. This method has the advantage of controlling the electricalfields and the couplingfactor inside a complex medium such as waveguide cavity resonators. The coupling factor of 6 dB for 4 × 4 Butler matrix is achieved by tuning the iris coupling k-value between the waveguide cavity resonators. Thus, avoiding a higher phase difference losses and component losses at upper millimeterwave bands. To validate the proposed method, CST software simulations are performed under several iris coupling k-values to achieve a 6 dB coupling factor. Then, the proposed 4 × 4 Butler matrix is 3D metal printed using selective laser melting (SLM) technique. The measured reflection and isolation coefficients are observed below −10 dB, with coupling coefficients ranging between −6 and −7 dB. The phase differences of −42.02°, 42.02°, −130.95°, and 133.3° are achieved at the outputs. It confirmed that using this proposed method has the superiority over the conventional microstrip and waveguide coupling methods by a 1 dB coupling factor loss and a 3° phase difference error. Taylor&francis 2023 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9640/1/J16159_e7002cba332d9d3a6e4edac8cb3c90d9.pdf W. Almeshehe, Muataz and Murad, Noor Asniza and A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal and Ayop, Osman and Zubir, Farid and A. Abd. Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol and N. Osman, Mohamed and Majid, H. A. (2023) Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications. WAVES IN RANDOM AND COMPLEX MEDIA, 33 (2). pp. 372-392. https://doi.org/10.1080/17455030.2021.1880032 |
| spellingShingle | T Technology (General) W. Almeshehe, Muataz Murad, Noor Asniza A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal Ayop, Osman Zubir, Farid A. Abd. Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol N. Osman, Mohamed Majid, H. A. Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications |
| title | Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications |
| title_full | Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications |
| title_fullStr | Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications |
| title_short | Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications |
| title_sort | low loss waveguide-based butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications |
| topic | T Technology (General) |
| url | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9640/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9640/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/9640/1/J16159_e7002cba332d9d3a6e4edac8cb3c90d9.pdf |