Optimization of extraction conditions of phytochemical compounds and anti-gout activity of euphorbia hirta l. (Ara Tanah) using response surface methodology and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis
Gout is a common disease affected most of the people due to the elevation of uric acid in the blood. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds are reported to exert the anti-gout activity of medicinal plants. Hence, this study aimed at optimizing the extraction conditions of phenolic and flavonoid compound...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Hindawi
2019
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/874/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/874/1/DNJ9822_05d930ff4e55c42ba85fab4d3c9161dd.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848887317289238528 |
|---|---|
| author | Abu Bakar, Fazleen Izzany Abu Bakar, Mohd Fadzelly Abdullah, Norazlin Endrini, Susi Fatmawati, Sri |
| author_facet | Abu Bakar, Fazleen Izzany Abu Bakar, Mohd Fadzelly Abdullah, Norazlin Endrini, Susi Fatmawati, Sri |
| author_sort | Abu Bakar, Fazleen Izzany |
| building | UTHM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Gout is a common disease affected most of the people due to the elevation of uric acid in the blood. Flavonoid and phenolic
compounds are reported to exert the anti-gout activity of medicinal plants. Hence, this study aimed at optimizing the
extraction conditions of phenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as the anti-gout (xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity) in
vitro of Euphorbia hirta using response surface methodology (RSM). /e plant part used was the whole plant excluding
roots. /e effects of three independent variables (extraction time, X1; extraction temperature, X2; and solid-to-liquid ratio,
X3) on three response variables (total flavonoid content, Y1; total phenolic content, Y2; and xanthine oxidase inhibitory
activity, Y3) were determined using central composite design (CCD) while phytochemical profiling of the extracts was
determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Quadratic models produced a satisfactory fitting of the
experimental data with regard to total flavonoid content (r2 � 0.9407, p < 0.0001), total phenolic content (r2 � 0.9383,
p < 0.0001), and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (r2 � 0.9794, p < 0.0001). /e best extraction conditions observed for
total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were at a temperature of 79.07°C for
17.42 min with solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 : 20 g/ml. /e optimum values for total flavonoid, total phenolic, and xanthine
oxidase inhibitory activity were 67.56 mg RE/g, 155.21 mg GAE/g, and 91.42%, respectively. /e main phytochemical
compounds in the optimized E. hirta extract are neochlorogenic acid, quercetin-3β-D-glucoside, syringic acid, caffeic acid,
ellagic acid, astragalin, afzelin, and quercetin. As conclusion, this study clearly demonstrated the best conditions to obtain
higher xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and phytochemical compounds which can be further used for the development of
anti-gout agents. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T19:52:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | uthm-874 |
| institution | Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T19:52:28Z |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher | Hindawi |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | uthm-8742021-10-17T07:05:25Z http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/874/ Optimization of extraction conditions of phytochemical compounds and anti-gout activity of euphorbia hirta l. (Ara Tanah) using response surface methodology and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis Abu Bakar, Fazleen Izzany Abu Bakar, Mohd Fadzelly Abdullah, Norazlin Endrini, Susi Fatmawati, Sri RC Internal medicine Gout is a common disease affected most of the people due to the elevation of uric acid in the blood. Flavonoid and phenolic compounds are reported to exert the anti-gout activity of medicinal plants. Hence, this study aimed at optimizing the extraction conditions of phenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as the anti-gout (xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity) in vitro of Euphorbia hirta using response surface methodology (RSM). /e plant part used was the whole plant excluding roots. /e effects of three independent variables (extraction time, X1; extraction temperature, X2; and solid-to-liquid ratio, X3) on three response variables (total flavonoid content, Y1; total phenolic content, Y2; and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, Y3) were determined using central composite design (CCD) while phytochemical profiling of the extracts was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Quadratic models produced a satisfactory fitting of the experimental data with regard to total flavonoid content (r2 � 0.9407, p < 0.0001), total phenolic content (r2 � 0.9383, p < 0.0001), and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity (r2 � 0.9794, p < 0.0001). /e best extraction conditions observed for total flavonoid content, total phenolic content, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were at a temperature of 79.07°C for 17.42 min with solid-to-liquid ratio of 1 : 20 g/ml. /e optimum values for total flavonoid, total phenolic, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity were 67.56 mg RE/g, 155.21 mg GAE/g, and 91.42%, respectively. /e main phytochemical compounds in the optimized E. hirta extract are neochlorogenic acid, quercetin-3β-D-glucoside, syringic acid, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, astragalin, afzelin, and quercetin. As conclusion, this study clearly demonstrated the best conditions to obtain higher xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and phytochemical compounds which can be further used for the development of anti-gout agents. Hindawi 2019 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/874/1/DNJ9822_05d930ff4e55c42ba85fab4d3c9161dd.pdf Abu Bakar, Fazleen Izzany and Abu Bakar, Mohd Fadzelly and Abdullah, Norazlin and Endrini, Susi and Fatmawati, Sri (2019) Optimization of extraction conditions of phytochemical compounds and anti-gout activity of euphorbia hirta l. (Ara Tanah) using response surface methodology and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2020. pp. 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4501261 |
| spellingShingle | RC Internal medicine Abu Bakar, Fazleen Izzany Abu Bakar, Mohd Fadzelly Abdullah, Norazlin Endrini, Susi Fatmawati, Sri Optimization of extraction conditions of phytochemical compounds and anti-gout activity of euphorbia hirta l. (Ara Tanah) using response surface methodology and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis |
| title | Optimization of extraction conditions of phytochemical
compounds and anti-gout activity of euphorbia hirta l. (Ara Tanah) using response surface methodology and Liquid
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis |
| title_full | Optimization of extraction conditions of phytochemical
compounds and anti-gout activity of euphorbia hirta l. (Ara Tanah) using response surface methodology and Liquid
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of extraction conditions of phytochemical
compounds and anti-gout activity of euphorbia hirta l. (Ara Tanah) using response surface methodology and Liquid
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of extraction conditions of phytochemical
compounds and anti-gout activity of euphorbia hirta l. (Ara Tanah) using response surface methodology and Liquid
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis |
| title_short | Optimization of extraction conditions of phytochemical
compounds and anti-gout activity of euphorbia hirta l. (Ara Tanah) using response surface methodology and Liquid
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis |
| title_sort | optimization of extraction conditions of phytochemical
compounds and anti-gout activity of euphorbia hirta l. (ara tanah) using response surface methodology and liquid
chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) analysis |
| topic | RC Internal medicine |
| url | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/874/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/874/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/874/1/DNJ9822_05d930ff4e55c42ba85fab4d3c9161dd.pdf |