Biodiesel production from canola oil using TiO2CaO as a heterogenous catalyst
Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy sources that is an alternative to fossil diesel that is non-toxic and produces less CO emissions. Transesterification process is a conventional mechanism to produce biodiesel from vegetable oil with a homogeneous or heterogenous catalyst. However, hetero...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Semarak Ilmu Publishing
2022
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/7151/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/7151/1/J14177_689f8e4a8f66cfa2e18bf05d2a096e01.pdf |
| Summary: | Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy sources that is an alternative to fossil diesel
that is non-toxic and produces less CO emissions. Transesterification process is a
conventional mechanism to produce biodiesel from vegetable oil with a homogeneous
or heterogenous catalyst. However, heterogenous catalysts are considered as more
efficient than homogenous catalysts. Recently, TiO2/CaO has been used as a
compound heterogenous catalyst to produce biodiesel produce from palm oil, waste
cooking oils and algae. In this research, biodiesel was manufactured using canola oil as
a feedstock and titanium dioxide / calcium oxide (TiO2/CaO) as a catalyst. The aim of
this study is to prepare the catalyst, investigate the transesterification process and
measure the chemical and physical biodiesel properties. Catalyst preparation required
four stages: dry mixing, wet mixing, water separation and catalyst activation where
there were two temperature phases (200 °C and 600 °C). Catalyst mixed with methanol
by 1:16 ratio had different mixing time phases (30 minutes, 60 minutes, and 90
minutes). The Transesterification process was by blending the catalyst-methanol
mixture with canola oil under 3 phases (4 hours, 5 hours, and 6 hours). The catalyst
characterization was by analysis of X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM), temperature activation effects and activation time effects. The
transesterification process analysis showed that the optimization conditions to
produce biodiesel are 600 °C activation catalyst temperature, 90 minutes of catalyst�methanol mixing, 1.5% wt. catalyst concentration and 5 hours of transesterification
time. The biodiesel yield was 96.9%. Moreover, new parameters were applied for this
research (time and temperature of activation catalyst, catalyst-methanol mixing
parameters and transesterification process conditions). Biodiesel properties
(kinematic viscosity, flash point and water content) were measured according to ASTM
D6751 standards and similarity was 98%. Therefore, biodiesel can be produced from
canola oil and TiO2/CaO, but this still needs more studies on several topics such as the
blending of canola with multi feedstocks, the ethanol impact and catalyst poisoning in
the case of using TiO2-CaO as a catalyst. |
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