Nanofiltration of hazardous congo red dye: performance and fluxdecline analysis
The effectiveness of nanofiltration (NF) for dye wastewater treatment has been well established. How-ever, detailed study on the fouling phenomena during the NF of dye is still limited. This paper providesthe understanding on the performance and fouling phenomena of the polypiperazine amide nanofilt...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2014
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/3129/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/3129/1/AJ%202019%20%28102%29.pdf |
| Summary: | The effectiveness of nanofiltration (NF) for dye wastewater treatment has been well established. How-ever, detailed study on the fouling phenomena during the NF of dye is still limited. This paper providesthe understanding on the performance and fouling phenomena of the polypiperazine amide nanofiltra-tion (PA–NF) membrane for the treatment of hazardous Congo red (CR) dye. The 20 mg L−1dye at pH 9was successfully 100% removed with minimum flux decline under the specific conditions: room tem-perature (25◦C) and trans-membrane pressure 5 bar. In addition, the membrane retained more Na2SO4(62–91%) than NaCl (14–31%), owing to the ion size and negative charges on the membrane surface.The experimental results showed that fouling was the significant reason of the membrane flux declinewhich principally caused by the favourable/irreversible adsorption. Mechanisms of the PA–NF membranefouling were investigated using the linearized forms according to Wiesner and Aptel equations. It hadbeen found that the fouling mechanisms were influenced by the solution pH and concentration. Under20 mg L−1of initial CR concentration at pH 9, the decline of permeate flux was due to standard block-ing mechanism during the initial filtration. The cake formation took place rapidly at the second stage offiltration which contributed to the relatively constant permeate flux decline. |
|---|