Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications
This paper proposes a low loss 4×4 Butler matrix based on rectangular waveguide cavity resonators technology for millimeterwave beamforming network using iris coupling method. This method has the advantage of controlling the electrical fields and the coupling factor inside a complex medium such...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Taylor & Francis
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/2785/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/2785/1/J12322_c598eedf78f958dd801f1ac97332c7a9.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848887839393054720 |
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| author | W. Almeshehe, Muataz Murad, Noor Asniza A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal Ayop, Osman Zubir, Farid Abd. Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol A. Osman, Mohamed N. A. Majid, H. |
| author_facet | W. Almeshehe, Muataz Murad, Noor Asniza A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal Ayop, Osman Zubir, Farid Abd. Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol A. Osman, Mohamed N. A. Majid, H. |
| author_sort | W. Almeshehe, Muataz |
| building | UTHM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | This paper proposes a low loss 4×4 Butler matrix based on rectangular
waveguide cavity resonators technology for millimeterwave
beamforming network using iris coupling method. This method has
the advantage of controlling the electrical fields and the coupling factor
inside a complex medium such as waveguide cavity resonators.
The coupling factor of 6 dB for 4×4 Butler matrix is achieved by
tuning the iris coupling k-value between the waveguide cavity resonators.
Thus, avoiding a higher phase difference losses and component
losses at upper millimeterwave bands. To validate the proposed
method, CST software simulations are performed under several
iris coupling k-values to achieve a 6 dB coupling factor. Then,
the proposed 4×4 Butler matrix is 3D metal printed using selective
laser melting (SLM) technique. The measured reflection and
isolation coefficients are observed below −10 dB, with coupling
coefficients ranging between −6 and −7 dB. The phase differences
of −42.02°, 42.02°, −130.95°, and 133.3° are achieved at the outputs.
It confirmed that using this proposed method has the superiority
over the conventional microstrip and waveguide coupling
methods by a 1 dB coupling factor loss and a 3° phase difference
error. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T20:00:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | uthm-2785 |
| institution | Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T20:00:46Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | uthm-27852021-11-02T03:38:54Z http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/2785/ Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications W. Almeshehe, Muataz Murad, Noor Asniza A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal Ayop, Osman Zubir, Farid Abd. Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol A. Osman, Mohamed N. A. Majid, H. TK5101-6720 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, telephone, radio, radar, television This paper proposes a low loss 4×4 Butler matrix based on rectangular waveguide cavity resonators technology for millimeterwave beamforming network using iris coupling method. This method has the advantage of controlling the electrical fields and the coupling factor inside a complex medium such as waveguide cavity resonators. The coupling factor of 6 dB for 4×4 Butler matrix is achieved by tuning the iris coupling k-value between the waveguide cavity resonators. Thus, avoiding a higher phase difference losses and component losses at upper millimeterwave bands. To validate the proposed method, CST software simulations are performed under several iris coupling k-values to achieve a 6 dB coupling factor. Then, the proposed 4×4 Butler matrix is 3D metal printed using selective laser melting (SLM) technique. The measured reflection and isolation coefficients are observed below −10 dB, with coupling coefficients ranging between −6 and −7 dB. The phase differences of −42.02°, 42.02°, −130.95°, and 133.3° are achieved at the outputs. It confirmed that using this proposed method has the superiority over the conventional microstrip and waveguide coupling methods by a 1 dB coupling factor loss and a 3° phase difference error. Taylor & Francis 2021 Article PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/2785/1/J12322_c598eedf78f958dd801f1ac97332c7a9.pdf W. Almeshehe, Muataz and Murad, Noor Asniza and A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal and Ayop, Osman and Zubir, Farid and Abd. Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol A. and Osman, Mohamed N. and A. Majid, H. (2021) Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications. WAVES IN RANDOM AND COMPLEX MEDIA. pp. 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/17455030.2021.1880032 |
| spellingShingle | TK5101-6720 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, telephone, radio, radar, television W. Almeshehe, Muataz Murad, Noor Asniza A. Rahim, Mohamad Kamal Ayop, Osman Zubir, Farid Abd. Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol A. Osman, Mohamed N. A. Majid, H. Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with iris coupling control method for millimeterwave applications |
| title | Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with
iris coupling control method for millimeterwave
applications |
| title_full | Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with
iris coupling control method for millimeterwave
applications |
| title_fullStr | Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with
iris coupling control method for millimeterwave
applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with
iris coupling control method for millimeterwave
applications |
| title_short | Low loss waveguide-based Butler matrix with
iris coupling control method for millimeterwave
applications |
| title_sort | low loss waveguide-based butler matrix with
iris coupling control method for millimeterwave
applications |
| topic | TK5101-6720 Telecommunication. Including telegraphy, telephone, radio, radar, television |
| url | http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/2785/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/2785/ http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/2785/1/J12322_c598eedf78f958dd801f1ac97332c7a9.pdf |