Potential application of bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia) peel as an adsorbent for the removal of total hardness In Kangkar Senangar’s groundwater

Lately many countries in the world are suffering with the shortage of fresh and clean drinking water as it is a source of life and energy. Rapid pace of industrialization, population expansion, and unplanned urbanization have largely contributed to the severe water pollution and surrounding soils [1...

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Main Authors: Muhamad, Mimi Suliza, Saari, Syahira Azlin, Hamidon, Nuramidah, Abdul Hamid, Nor Hazren, Harun, Hasnida, Mohamed Sunar, Norshuhaila, Ali, Roslinda
Format: Book Section
Language:English
Published: Penerbit UTHM 2020
Subjects:
Online Access:http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/2151/
http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/2151/1/Ch06.pdf
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author Muhamad, Mimi Suliza
Saari, Syahira Azlin
Hamidon, Nuramidah
Abdul Hamid, Nor Hazren
Harun, Hasnida
Mohamed Sunar, Norshuhaila
Ali, Roslinda
author2 Hamidon, Nuramidah
author_facet Hamidon, Nuramidah
Muhamad, Mimi Suliza
Saari, Syahira Azlin
Hamidon, Nuramidah
Abdul Hamid, Nor Hazren
Harun, Hasnida
Mohamed Sunar, Norshuhaila
Ali, Roslinda
author_sort Muhamad, Mimi Suliza
building UTHM Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description Lately many countries in the world are suffering with the shortage of fresh and clean drinking water as it is a source of life and energy. Rapid pace of industrialization, population expansion, and unplanned urbanization have largely contributed to the severe water pollution and surrounding soils [1]. The main sources of water pollution can be attributed by discharge of untreated sanitary and toxic industrial wastes, dumping of industrial effluent and runoff from agricultural fields. It is well known that 70–80% of all diseases in developing countries are related to water contamination, particularly that susceptible to women and children [2]. This is because water sources now become limited as drinking water quality has been reduced by pollution. Hardness is one of the problem related to unpalatable drinking water that need to be control at acceptable level.
first_indexed 2025-11-15T19:57:53Z
format Book Section
id uthm-2151
institution Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia
institution_category Local University
language English
last_indexed 2025-11-15T19:57:53Z
publishDate 2020
publisher Penerbit UTHM
recordtype eprints
repository_type Digital Repository
spelling uthm-21512021-11-02T02:38:45Z http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/2151/ Potential application of bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia) peel as an adsorbent for the removal of total hardness In Kangkar Senangar’s groundwater Muhamad, Mimi Suliza Saari, Syahira Azlin Hamidon, Nuramidah Abdul Hamid, Nor Hazren Harun, Hasnida Mohamed Sunar, Norshuhaila Ali, Roslinda TA170-171 Environmental engineering Lately many countries in the world are suffering with the shortage of fresh and clean drinking water as it is a source of life and energy. Rapid pace of industrialization, population expansion, and unplanned urbanization have largely contributed to the severe water pollution and surrounding soils [1]. The main sources of water pollution can be attributed by discharge of untreated sanitary and toxic industrial wastes, dumping of industrial effluent and runoff from agricultural fields. It is well known that 70–80% of all diseases in developing countries are related to water contamination, particularly that susceptible to women and children [2]. This is because water sources now become limited as drinking water quality has been reduced by pollution. Hardness is one of the problem related to unpalatable drinking water that need to be control at acceptable level. Penerbit UTHM Hamidon, Nuramidah Muhamad, Mimi Suliza Md. Amin, Harina Adnan, Suraya Hani Tuan Ismail, Tuan Noor Hasanah Abdul Rahman, Mohammad Ashraf Osman, Mohamad Hairi 2020 Book Section PeerReviewed text en http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/2151/1/Ch06.pdf Muhamad, Mimi Suliza and Saari, Syahira Azlin and Hamidon, Nuramidah and Abdul Hamid, Nor Hazren and Harun, Hasnida and Mohamed Sunar, Norshuhaila and Ali, Roslinda (2020) Potential application of bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia) peel as an adsorbent for the removal of total hardness In Kangkar Senangar’s groundwater. In: Applications in Environmental Engineering Technology. Penerbit UTHM, pp. 31-40. ISBN 978-967-2389-69-9
spellingShingle TA170-171 Environmental engineering
Muhamad, Mimi Suliza
Saari, Syahira Azlin
Hamidon, Nuramidah
Abdul Hamid, Nor Hazren
Harun, Hasnida
Mohamed Sunar, Norshuhaila
Ali, Roslinda
Potential application of bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia) peel as an adsorbent for the removal of total hardness In Kangkar Senangar’s groundwater
title Potential application of bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia) peel as an adsorbent for the removal of total hardness In Kangkar Senangar’s groundwater
title_full Potential application of bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia) peel as an adsorbent for the removal of total hardness In Kangkar Senangar’s groundwater
title_fullStr Potential application of bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia) peel as an adsorbent for the removal of total hardness In Kangkar Senangar’s groundwater
title_full_unstemmed Potential application of bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia) peel as an adsorbent for the removal of total hardness In Kangkar Senangar’s groundwater
title_short Potential application of bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia) peel as an adsorbent for the removal of total hardness In Kangkar Senangar’s groundwater
title_sort potential application of bitter gourd (momordica charantia) peel as an adsorbent for the removal of total hardness in kangkar senangar’s groundwater
topic TA170-171 Environmental engineering
url http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/2151/
http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/2151/1/Ch06.pdf