Characterizing Chicken Eggshell Reinforced Polypropylene (PP)
Chicken EggShell (ES) is an industrial by product containing 95% calcium carbonate and its disposal constitutes a serious environmental hazard. ES contains about 95% calcium carbonate in the form of calcite and 5% organic materials such as type X collagen, sulfated polysaccharides, and other protein...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Scientific.Net Materials Science and Engineering, Switzerland
2011
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/4270/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/4270/1/AMR.264-265.871.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848887010710781952 |
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| author | Sivarao, Subramonian Mohd Rizal , Salleh Ahmad , Kamely Tajul , Arifin Taufik, , |
| author_facet | Sivarao, Subramonian Mohd Rizal , Salleh Ahmad , Kamely Tajul , Arifin Taufik, , |
| author_sort | Sivarao, Subramonian |
| building | UTeM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Chicken EggShell (ES) is an industrial by product containing 95% calcium carbonate and its disposal constitutes a serious environmental hazard. ES contains about 95% calcium carbonate in the form of calcite and 5% organic materials such as type X collagen, sulfated polysaccharides, and other proteins. Although there have been several attempts to use eggshell components for different applications, its chemical composition and availability makes eggshell a potential source of filler for PP composites. In this research work, different proportions of chicken eggshell as bio-filler for polypropylene (PP) composite were compared with different operating temperature by creep test, hardness test and SEM photomicrographs. The eggshell had been prepared by blending and sieving them into granule size of less than 160µm. The granules were then mixed with polypropylene into four weight ratios, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively using fine extruder, where silane was used as the coupling agent. From the result, it was learnt that, the ES filler had improved Creep Strain and Creep Modulus for the operating temperatures of 34°C and 80°C. Tensile and flexural tests were also performed to study the pattern and behaviour of the chicken egg shell particulated polypropylene. In general, the findings can be concluded that not all ratios of particulation yielded positive as expected, but there were also conditions where virgin polypropylene yields better result depending on the test type and composite matrices. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T19:47:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | utem-4270 |
| institution | Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T19:47:35Z |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publisher | Scientific.Net Materials Science and Engineering, Switzerland |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | utem-42702021-12-31T11:10:10Z http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/4270/ Characterizing Chicken Eggshell Reinforced Polypropylene (PP) Sivarao, Subramonian Mohd Rizal , Salleh Ahmad , Kamely Tajul , Arifin Taufik, , T Technology (General) TS Manufactures Chicken EggShell (ES) is an industrial by product containing 95% calcium carbonate and its disposal constitutes a serious environmental hazard. ES contains about 95% calcium carbonate in the form of calcite and 5% organic materials such as type X collagen, sulfated polysaccharides, and other proteins. Although there have been several attempts to use eggshell components for different applications, its chemical composition and availability makes eggshell a potential source of filler for PP composites. In this research work, different proportions of chicken eggshell as bio-filler for polypropylene (PP) composite were compared with different operating temperature by creep test, hardness test and SEM photomicrographs. The eggshell had been prepared by blending and sieving them into granule size of less than 160µm. The granules were then mixed with polypropylene into four weight ratios, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively using fine extruder, where silane was used as the coupling agent. From the result, it was learnt that, the ES filler had improved Creep Strain and Creep Modulus for the operating temperatures of 34°C and 80°C. Tensile and flexural tests were also performed to study the pattern and behaviour of the chicken egg shell particulated polypropylene. In general, the findings can be concluded that not all ratios of particulation yielded positive as expected, but there were also conditions where virgin polypropylene yields better result depending on the test type and composite matrices. Scientific.Net Materials Science and Engineering, Switzerland 2011 Article PeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/4270/1/AMR.264-265.871.pdf Sivarao, Subramonian and Mohd Rizal , Salleh and Ahmad , Kamely and Tajul , Arifin and Taufik, , (2011) Characterizing Chicken Eggshell Reinforced Polypropylene (PP). Advanced Materials Research, 264-26. pp. 871-879. ISSN 1662-8985 http://www.scientific.net/AMR.264-265.871 doi:10.4028 |
| spellingShingle | T Technology (General) TS Manufactures Sivarao, Subramonian Mohd Rizal , Salleh Ahmad , Kamely Tajul , Arifin Taufik, , Characterizing Chicken Eggshell Reinforced Polypropylene (PP) |
| title | Characterizing Chicken Eggshell Reinforced Polypropylene (PP) |
| title_full | Characterizing Chicken Eggshell Reinforced Polypropylene (PP) |
| title_fullStr | Characterizing Chicken Eggshell Reinforced Polypropylene (PP) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterizing Chicken Eggshell Reinforced Polypropylene (PP) |
| title_short | Characterizing Chicken Eggshell Reinforced Polypropylene (PP) |
| title_sort | characterizing chicken eggshell reinforced polypropylene (pp) |
| topic | T Technology (General) TS Manufactures |
| url | http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/4270/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/4270/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/4270/ http://eprints.utem.edu.my/id/eprint/4270/1/AMR.264-265.871.pdf |