Gender differences in parental involvement in dual-earner family

It has long been noted that active parental involvement in children’s early education has a significant impact on their academic success. However, with the increasing participation of both fathers and mothers in the workforce, parental involvement may face challenges. Despite the rise of dual-earner...

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Main Author: Tan, Jie Lin
Format: Final Year Project / Dissertation / Thesis
Published: 2024
Subjects:
Online Access:http://eprints.utar.edu.my/7136/
http://eprints.utar.edu.my/7136/1/2101576_FYP.pdf
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author Tan, Jie Lin
author_facet Tan, Jie Lin
author_sort Tan, Jie Lin
building UTAR Institutional Repository
collection Online Access
description It has long been noted that active parental involvement in children’s early education has a significant impact on their academic success. However, with the increasing participation of both fathers and mothers in the workforce, parental involvement may face challenges. Despite the rise of dual-earner families, existing research often overlooks the role of fathers and the impact of maternal employment on parental involvement. To bridge the knowledge gap, this study investigated gender differences in parental involvement between dual-earner parents across six domains: parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home,decisionmaking and collaborating with community. This study applied Albert Bandura’s social learning theory of gender role development and Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory. Employing a quantitative cross-sectional approach and purposive sampling, data were gathered from 64 paired of dual-earner parent (64 fathers and 64 mothers) in Selangor through Parent and School Surveys (PASS) by Ringenberg (2005). Analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test revealed significant differences between fathers and mothers (p < 0.001), with mothers displaying notably greater involvement across all six domains. Large effect sizes were observed in all areas except parenting, which showed a moderate effect size. These findings emphasized the need for dual-earner parents to balance work and family responsibilities to enhance their parental involvement. Also, this implied to the preschool operators and educators to reassess their strategies to engage fathers, enhance their knowledge and skills in involving fathers and build community connections to foster parental involvement. The study’s limitations included its reliance on quantitative research methods and its limited representativeness due to the small sample size and purposive sampling. Future research should consider employing mixedmethod approaches, enlarging sample sizes, and adopting cluster sampling techniques to gain a deeper understanding of parental involvement in dual-earner families. Keywords: Parental involvement, parent’s gender, dual-earner families, young children
first_indexed 2025-11-15T19:45:07Z
format Final Year Project / Dissertation / Thesis
id utar-7136
institution Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman
institution_category Local University
last_indexed 2025-11-15T19:45:07Z
publishDate 2024
recordtype eprints
repository_type Digital Repository
spelling utar-71362025-06-01T15:11:24Z Gender differences in parental involvement in dual-earner family Tan, Jie Lin H Social Sciences (General) L Education (General) It has long been noted that active parental involvement in children’s early education has a significant impact on their academic success. However, with the increasing participation of both fathers and mothers in the workforce, parental involvement may face challenges. Despite the rise of dual-earner families, existing research often overlooks the role of fathers and the impact of maternal employment on parental involvement. To bridge the knowledge gap, this study investigated gender differences in parental involvement between dual-earner parents across six domains: parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home,decisionmaking and collaborating with community. This study applied Albert Bandura’s social learning theory of gender role development and Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system theory. Employing a quantitative cross-sectional approach and purposive sampling, data were gathered from 64 paired of dual-earner parent (64 fathers and 64 mothers) in Selangor through Parent and School Surveys (PASS) by Ringenberg (2005). Analysis using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test revealed significant differences between fathers and mothers (p < 0.001), with mothers displaying notably greater involvement across all six domains. Large effect sizes were observed in all areas except parenting, which showed a moderate effect size. These findings emphasized the need for dual-earner parents to balance work and family responsibilities to enhance their parental involvement. Also, this implied to the preschool operators and educators to reassess their strategies to engage fathers, enhance their knowledge and skills in involving fathers and build community connections to foster parental involvement. The study’s limitations included its reliance on quantitative research methods and its limited representativeness due to the small sample size and purposive sampling. Future research should consider employing mixedmethod approaches, enlarging sample sizes, and adopting cluster sampling techniques to gain a deeper understanding of parental involvement in dual-earner families. Keywords: Parental involvement, parent’s gender, dual-earner families, young children 2024 Final Year Project / Dissertation / Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf http://eprints.utar.edu.my/7136/1/2101576_FYP.pdf Tan, Jie Lin (2024) Gender differences in parental involvement in dual-earner family. Final Year Project, UTAR. http://eprints.utar.edu.my/7136/
spellingShingle H Social Sciences (General)
L Education (General)
Tan, Jie Lin
Gender differences in parental involvement in dual-earner family
title Gender differences in parental involvement in dual-earner family
title_full Gender differences in parental involvement in dual-earner family
title_fullStr Gender differences in parental involvement in dual-earner family
title_full_unstemmed Gender differences in parental involvement in dual-earner family
title_short Gender differences in parental involvement in dual-earner family
title_sort gender differences in parental involvement in dual-earner family
topic H Social Sciences (General)
L Education (General)
url http://eprints.utar.edu.my/7136/
http://eprints.utar.edu.my/7136/1/2101576_FYP.pdf