Determination of elemental composition in Infant formula and growing up formula Among different brands available in Malaysia
The objective of this study was to determine the elemental compositions, including trace elements (copper, zinc, iron, manganese and selenium) and heavy metals (lead, cadmium and chromium) in infant and growing up formula among different brands locally available in Malaysia. Twelve different milk...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Monograph |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Universiti Sains Malaysia
2016
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/61381/ http://eprints.usm.my/61381/1/WAN%20NORFAEZAH%20BINTI%20WAN%20SHAFIE%20-%20e.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848884695806246912 |
|---|---|
| author | Shafie, Wan Norfaezah Wan |
| author_facet | Shafie, Wan Norfaezah Wan |
| author_sort | Shafie, Wan Norfaezah Wan |
| building | USM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | The objective of this study was to determine the elemental compositions, including trace
elements (copper, zinc, iron, manganese and selenium) and heavy metals (lead, cadmium
and chromium) in infant and growing up formula among different brands locally available
in Malaysia. Twelve different milk powder brands consisted each of six samples of infant
formula and six samples of growing up formula were purchased and analyzed for elemental
composition. Microwave digestion system was used for sample digestion and extraction.
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS) was used to determine the elemental
composition concentration. The trace elements in selenium (Se) for infants’ formula shows
the highest concentrations followed by iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese
(Mn). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in concentration of Se, Fe, Zn, Cu, and
Mn between the samples. Sample F (1.936 mg/L) was found to be the highest in Selenium
concentration compared to other samples. In term of heavy metals, Cr was found to be the
highest in concentration in infant formula, compared to Pb and Cd. Cd was not detected in
some of the formulas. Sample C (0.080 mg/L) recorded the highest content of Chromium.
There was also significant difference between trace elements in growing up formula. Iron
and Selenium were found to be higher in growing up formula compared to copper, zinc and
manganese. Between the samples, sample 3 (1.494 mg/L) recorded the highest in iron concentration, whereas Selenium was highest in sample 2 (1.991 mg/L) and sample 5
(1.991 mg/L). Lead was found to be the highest in concentration compared to other heavy metals in growing up formula, in which sample 5 (0.088 mg/L) had the highest amount
compared to other samples. Although almost all of the trace elements and heavy metal
shows significant amount in both growing up and infant formula, however there were still
below the permissible limit for all of the elements except for lead, according to Food Act
1983 and Food Regulation 1985. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T19:10:48Z |
| format | Monograph |
| id | usm-61381 |
| institution | Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T19:10:48Z |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publisher | Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | usm-613812025-01-12T02:41:43Z http://eprints.usm.my/61381/ Determination of elemental composition in Infant formula and growing up formula Among different brands available in Malaysia Shafie, Wan Norfaezah Wan R735-854 Medical education. Medical schools. Research RM214-258 Diet therapy. Dietary cookbooks The objective of this study was to determine the elemental compositions, including trace elements (copper, zinc, iron, manganese and selenium) and heavy metals (lead, cadmium and chromium) in infant and growing up formula among different brands locally available in Malaysia. Twelve different milk powder brands consisted each of six samples of infant formula and six samples of growing up formula were purchased and analyzed for elemental composition. Microwave digestion system was used for sample digestion and extraction. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS) was used to determine the elemental composition concentration. The trace elements in selenium (Se) for infants’ formula shows the highest concentrations followed by iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in concentration of Se, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn between the samples. Sample F (1.936 mg/L) was found to be the highest in Selenium concentration compared to other samples. In term of heavy metals, Cr was found to be the highest in concentration in infant formula, compared to Pb and Cd. Cd was not detected in some of the formulas. Sample C (0.080 mg/L) recorded the highest content of Chromium. There was also significant difference between trace elements in growing up formula. Iron and Selenium were found to be higher in growing up formula compared to copper, zinc and manganese. Between the samples, sample 3 (1.494 mg/L) recorded the highest in iron concentration, whereas Selenium was highest in sample 2 (1.991 mg/L) and sample 5 (1.991 mg/L). Lead was found to be the highest in concentration compared to other heavy metals in growing up formula, in which sample 5 (0.088 mg/L) had the highest amount compared to other samples. Although almost all of the trace elements and heavy metal shows significant amount in both growing up and infant formula, however there were still below the permissible limit for all of the elements except for lead, according to Food Act 1983 and Food Regulation 1985. Universiti Sains Malaysia 2016 Monograph NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.usm.my/61381/1/WAN%20NORFAEZAH%20BINTI%20WAN%20SHAFIE%20-%20e.pdf Shafie, Wan Norfaezah Wan (2016) Determination of elemental composition in Infant formula and growing up formula Among different brands available in Malaysia. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia. (Submitted) |
| spellingShingle | R735-854 Medical education. Medical schools. Research RM214-258 Diet therapy. Dietary cookbooks Shafie, Wan Norfaezah Wan Determination of elemental composition in Infant formula and growing up formula Among different brands available in Malaysia |
| title | Determination of elemental composition in Infant formula and growing up formula
Among different brands available in Malaysia |
| title_full | Determination of elemental composition in Infant formula and growing up formula
Among different brands available in Malaysia |
| title_fullStr | Determination of elemental composition in Infant formula and growing up formula
Among different brands available in Malaysia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of elemental composition in Infant formula and growing up formula
Among different brands available in Malaysia |
| title_short | Determination of elemental composition in Infant formula and growing up formula
Among different brands available in Malaysia |
| title_sort | determination of elemental composition in infant formula and growing up formula
among different brands available in malaysia |
| topic | R735-854 Medical education. Medical schools. Research RM214-258 Diet therapy. Dietary cookbooks |
| url | http://eprints.usm.my/61381/ http://eprints.usm.my/61381/1/WAN%20NORFAEZAH%20BINTI%20WAN%20SHAFIE%20-%20e.pdf |