Characterization of red ballpoint pens using uv-visible spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques

One of the important areas in forensic questioned document is the ink analysis. It is performs not to identify the writing implement used to write the document under scrutiny but the ink deposited on the document. Through proper analysis, the ink deposited can be linked to the writing implement u...

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Main Author:	Razali, Nor Fathin Mohd
Format:	Monograph
Language:	English
Published:	Universiti Sains Malaysia 2015
Subjects:	RA1001 Forensic Medicine. Medical jurisprudence. Legal medicine
Online Access:	http://eprints.usm.my/60137/ http://eprints.usm.my/60137/1/NOR%20FATHIN%20BINTI%20MOHD%20RAZALI%20-%20e.pdf

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author	Razali, Nor Fathin Mohd
author_facet	Razali, Nor Fathin Mohd
author_sort	Razali, Nor Fathin Mohd
building	USM Institutional Repository
collection	Online Access
description	One of the important areas in forensic questioned document is the ink analysis. It is performs not to identify the writing implement used to write the document under scrutiny but the ink deposited on the document. Through proper analysis, the ink deposited can be linked to the writing implement used to write the document. In ink analysis, techniques such as Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Ultra Violet and Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy and direct visual examination are considered as common. These techniques although have helped to solve crimes involving document, their outcomes are very subjective and depend on the knowledge, skill and most important experience of the examiner. This study purposes the use of chemometrics techniques of principle component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) for ink analysis in conjunction with UV-Vis spectroscopy to produce more objective outcomes. In this study, twenty four (24) red ballpoint pen inks from four different brands were analysed using TLC and UVVis spectrometer. The thin layer chromatogram and the UV-Vis spectra obtained from the red ballpoint pen inks were manually examined for features that can be used to successfully differentiate and group the inks according to their brands. The manual examinations proved to be a time consuming and daunting task and more importantly were unable to differentiate the red ballpoint pen inks. On the other hand, PCA and HCA had successfully differentiated and grouped the red ballpoint pen inks according to their brands. The results demonstrated the potential use of PCA and HCA to differentiate and group red ballpoint pen inks of different brands in an objective manner.
first_indexed	2025-11-15T19:05:29Z
format	Monograph
id	usm-60137
institution	Universiti Sains Malaysia
institution_category	Local University
language	English
last_indexed	2025-11-15T19:05:29Z
publishDate	2015
publisher	Universiti Sains Malaysia
recordtype	eprints
repository_type	Digital Repository
spelling	usm-601372024-04-07T01:11:16Z http://eprints.usm.my/60137/ Characterization of red ballpoint pens using uv-visible spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques Razali, Nor Fathin Mohd RA1001 Forensic Medicine. Medical jurisprudence. Legal medicine One of the important areas in forensic questioned document is the ink analysis. It is performs not to identify the writing implement used to write the document under scrutiny but the ink deposited on the document. Through proper analysis, the ink deposited can be linked to the writing implement used to write the document. In ink analysis, techniques such as Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Ultra Violet and Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy and direct visual examination are considered as common. These techniques although have helped to solve crimes involving document, their outcomes are very subjective and depend on the knowledge, skill and most important experience of the examiner. This study purposes the use of chemometrics techniques of principle component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) for ink analysis in conjunction with UV-Vis spectroscopy to produce more objective outcomes. In this study, twenty four (24) red ballpoint pen inks from four different brands were analysed using TLC and UVVis spectrometer. The thin layer chromatogram and the UV-Vis spectra obtained from the red ballpoint pen inks were manually examined for features that can be used to successfully differentiate and group the inks according to their brands. The manual examinations proved to be a time consuming and daunting task and more importantly were unable to differentiate the red ballpoint pen inks. On the other hand, PCA and HCA had successfully differentiated and grouped the red ballpoint pen inks according to their brands. The results demonstrated the potential use of PCA and HCA to differentiate and group red ballpoint pen inks of different brands in an objective manner. Universiti Sains Malaysia 2015 Monograph NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.usm.my/60137/1/NOR%20FATHIN%20BINTI%20MOHD%20RAZALI%20-%20e.pdf Razali, Nor Fathin Mohd (2015) Characterization of red ballpoint pens using uv-visible spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia. (Submitted)
spellingShingle	RA1001 Forensic Medicine. Medical jurisprudence. Legal medicine Razali, Nor Fathin Mohd Characterization of red ballpoint pens using uv-visible spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques
title	Characterization of red ballpoint pens using uv-visible spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques
title_full	Characterization of red ballpoint pens using uv-visible spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques
title_fullStr	Characterization of red ballpoint pens using uv-visible spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization of red ballpoint pens using uv-visible spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques
title_short	Characterization of red ballpoint pens using uv-visible spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques
title_sort	characterization of red ballpoint pens using uv-visible spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques
topic	RA1001 Forensic Medicine. Medical jurisprudence. Legal medicine
url	http://eprints.usm.my/60137/ http://eprints.usm.my/60137/1/NOR%20FATHIN%20BINTI%20MOHD%20RAZALI%20-%20e.pdf

Characterization of red ballpoint pens using uv-visible spectroscopy and pattern recognition techniques

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