Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters
Present work focuses on producing a dual catalyst system to esterify fatty acids and . transesterify triglycerides into methyl esters in the presence of methanol. Firstly, boiler ash sourced from waste empty fruit bunches of the palm oil industry was characterized and used as a pseudo-homogeneou...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
2012
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/59476/ http://eprints.usm.my/59476/1/24%20Pages%20from%2000001779558.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848884181668462592 |
|---|---|
| author | Ganesan, Shangeetha |
| author_facet | Ganesan, Shangeetha |
| author_sort | Ganesan, Shangeetha |
| building | USM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Present work focuses on producing a dual catalyst system to esterify fatty acids and
.
transesterify triglycerides into methyl esters in the presence of methanol. Firstly,
boiler ash sourced from waste empty fruit bunches of the palm oil industry was
characterized and used as a pseudo-homogeneous base catalyst for transesterification
of palm olein. Boiler ash successfully transesterified palm olein at mild reaction
conditions (3 wt.% dried boiler ash, 15: 1 methanol : oil molar ratio, methanol
refluxing temperature and reaction time of 0.5 b) to produce 90% methyl esters.
Calcium oxide (calcined at 900 oe for 2 h) was added to boiler ash in order to
increase the free fatty acids and water tolerance of boiler ash for transesterification of
low quality oils. A mixture of boiler ash-calcium oxide was found to be able to
tolerate 3 wt.% water and 4 wt.% free fatty acids. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T19:02:38Z |
| format | Thesis |
| id | usm-59476 |
| institution | Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T19:02:38Z |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | usm-594762023-10-12T02:07:02Z http://eprints.usm.my/59476/ Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters Ganesan, Shangeetha TP1-1185 Chemical technology Present work focuses on producing a dual catalyst system to esterify fatty acids and . transesterify triglycerides into methyl esters in the presence of methanol. Firstly, boiler ash sourced from waste empty fruit bunches of the palm oil industry was characterized and used as a pseudo-homogeneous base catalyst for transesterification of palm olein. Boiler ash successfully transesterified palm olein at mild reaction conditions (3 wt.% dried boiler ash, 15: 1 methanol : oil molar ratio, methanol refluxing temperature and reaction time of 0.5 b) to produce 90% methyl esters. Calcium oxide (calcined at 900 oe for 2 h) was added to boiler ash in order to increase the free fatty acids and water tolerance of boiler ash for transesterification of low quality oils. A mixture of boiler ash-calcium oxide was found to be able to tolerate 3 wt.% water and 4 wt.% free fatty acids. 2012-08 Thesis NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.usm.my/59476/1/24%20Pages%20from%2000001779558.pdf Ganesan, Shangeetha (2012) Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters. PhD thesis, Perpustakaan Hamzah Sendut. |
| spellingShingle | TP1-1185 Chemical technology Ganesan, Shangeetha Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters |
| title | Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters |
| title_full | Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters |
| title_fullStr | Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters |
| title_short | Agro-Based Catalyst Systems For Converting Palm Based Oils With High Fatty Acids And Water Contents Into Methyl Esters |
| title_sort | agro-based catalyst systems for converting palm based oils with high fatty acids and water contents into methyl esters |
| topic | TP1-1185 Chemical technology |
| url | http://eprints.usm.my/59476/ http://eprints.usm.my/59476/1/24%20Pages%20from%2000001779558.pdf |