Evaluation Of Variation In Material Cost For Design Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Penang Island Considering Seismic Effect
Malaysia is located in a seismically safe area except few places in Sabah. However, the construction industry in Malaysia will adopt Malaysian National Annex (NA) to Eurocode 8 due to instances that raised concerns about the integrity of existing buildings that were built without considering seismic...
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| Format: | Monograph |
| Language: | English |
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Universiti Sains Malaysia
2021
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| Online Access: | http://eprints.usm.my/56874/ http://eprints.usm.my/56874/1/Evaluation%20Of%20Variation%20In%20Material%20Cost%20For%20Design%20Of%20Reinforced%20Concrete%20Buildings%20In%20Penang%20Island%20Considering%20Seismic%20Effect.pdf |
| _version_ | 1848883472945381376 |
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| author | Chan, Ying Wei |
| author_facet | Chan, Ying Wei |
| author_sort | Chan, Ying Wei |
| building | USM Institutional Repository |
| collection | Online Access |
| description | Malaysia is located in a seismically safe area except few places in Sabah. However, the construction industry in Malaysia will adopt Malaysian National Annex (NA) to Eurocode 8 due to instances that raised concerns about the integrity of existing buildings that were built without considering seismic loads. There is little information on the material cost increases if the earthquake-resistant design is implemented in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the variation in material cost due to seismic loading, as well as the influence of building height and ground type on material cost. Building of 10 storey, 15 storey, 20 storey, 25 storey, and 30 storey were modelled for non-seismic design and seismic design in ground types A, D, and E. The material cost increment between non-seismic design and seismic design was determined. Besides that, the material cost increment of seismic design in different ground types were also determined. The reinforced concrete building was designed based on EC2 and designed according to EC 8 with peak ground acceleration reflecting the seismic hazard in Penang. The greater amount of reinforcement bar in EC 8 compared with EC 2 design leads to an increase in the material cost. However, compared with EC8, the provision of reinforcement bar according to EC2 is higher when the storey height is at 30 storey. The percentage of cost increment is found to be 11.45%, 20.05%, 10.02%, 5.08% and -10.22% for 10 storey, 15 storey, 20 storey, 25 storey and 30 storey buildings, respectively for ground type D. Besides that, the amount of reinforcement bar according to EC8 under ground type D compared to ground type A and E leads to increase in the material cost. Compared with soil type D, the material cost for ground type A decreases 5.24%, 2.06%, 4.84%, 9.10%, and 6.64% for 10 storey, 15 storey, 20 storey, 25 storey, and 30 storey buildings, respectively. Compared with soil type D, the material cost for soil type E decreases 2.61%, 1.71%, 2.25%, 0.08%, and 8.03% for 10 storey, 15 storey, 20 storey, 25 storey, and 30 storey buildings, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2025-11-15T18:51:22Z |
| format | Monograph |
| id | usm-56874 |
| institution | Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| institution_category | Local University |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-11-15T18:51:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | Universiti Sains Malaysia |
| recordtype | eprints |
| repository_type | Digital Repository |
| spelling | usm-568742023-02-09T04:24:21Z http://eprints.usm.my/56874/ Evaluation Of Variation In Material Cost For Design Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Penang Island Considering Seismic Effect Chan, Ying Wei T Technology TA1-2040 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Malaysia is located in a seismically safe area except few places in Sabah. However, the construction industry in Malaysia will adopt Malaysian National Annex (NA) to Eurocode 8 due to instances that raised concerns about the integrity of existing buildings that were built without considering seismic loads. There is little information on the material cost increases if the earthquake-resistant design is implemented in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the variation in material cost due to seismic loading, as well as the influence of building height and ground type on material cost. Building of 10 storey, 15 storey, 20 storey, 25 storey, and 30 storey were modelled for non-seismic design and seismic design in ground types A, D, and E. The material cost increment between non-seismic design and seismic design was determined. Besides that, the material cost increment of seismic design in different ground types were also determined. The reinforced concrete building was designed based on EC2 and designed according to EC 8 with peak ground acceleration reflecting the seismic hazard in Penang. The greater amount of reinforcement bar in EC 8 compared with EC 2 design leads to an increase in the material cost. However, compared with EC8, the provision of reinforcement bar according to EC2 is higher when the storey height is at 30 storey. The percentage of cost increment is found to be 11.45%, 20.05%, 10.02%, 5.08% and -10.22% for 10 storey, 15 storey, 20 storey, 25 storey and 30 storey buildings, respectively for ground type D. Besides that, the amount of reinforcement bar according to EC8 under ground type D compared to ground type A and E leads to increase in the material cost. Compared with soil type D, the material cost for ground type A decreases 5.24%, 2.06%, 4.84%, 9.10%, and 6.64% for 10 storey, 15 storey, 20 storey, 25 storey, and 30 storey buildings, respectively. Compared with soil type D, the material cost for soil type E decreases 2.61%, 1.71%, 2.25%, 0.08%, and 8.03% for 10 storey, 15 storey, 20 storey, 25 storey, and 30 storey buildings, respectively. Universiti Sains Malaysia 2021-08-01 Monograph NonPeerReviewed application/pdf en http://eprints.usm.my/56874/1/Evaluation%20Of%20Variation%20In%20Material%20Cost%20For%20Design%20Of%20Reinforced%20Concrete%20Buildings%20In%20Penang%20Island%20Considering%20Seismic%20Effect.pdf Chan, Ying Wei (2021) Evaluation Of Variation In Material Cost For Design Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Penang Island Considering Seismic Effect. Project Report. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam. (Submitted) |
| spellingShingle | T Technology TA1-2040 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Chan, Ying Wei Evaluation Of Variation In Material Cost For Design Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Penang Island Considering Seismic Effect |
| title | Evaluation Of Variation In Material Cost For Design Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Penang Island Considering Seismic Effect |
| title_full | Evaluation Of Variation In Material Cost For Design Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Penang Island Considering Seismic Effect |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation Of Variation In Material Cost For Design Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Penang Island Considering Seismic Effect |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation Of Variation In Material Cost For Design Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Penang Island Considering Seismic Effect |
| title_short | Evaluation Of Variation In Material Cost For Design Of Reinforced Concrete Buildings In Penang Island Considering Seismic Effect |
| title_sort | evaluation of variation in material cost for design of reinforced concrete buildings in penang island considering seismic effect |
| topic | T Technology TA1-2040 Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) |
| url | http://eprints.usm.my/56874/ http://eprints.usm.my/56874/1/Evaluation%20Of%20Variation%20In%20Material%20Cost%20For%20Design%20Of%20Reinforced%20Concrete%20Buildings%20In%20Penang%20Island%20Considering%20Seismic%20Effect.pdf |